Abstract：
Understanding how abundant (AT) and rare (RT) taxa adapt to diverse environmental stresses is vital for assessing ecological processes, yet remains understudied. We collected sediment samples from Liaoning Province, China, representing rivers (upstream of wastewater outlet), estuaries (wastewater outlets), and Jinzhou Bay (downstream of wastewater outlets), to comprehensively evaluate AT and RT adaptation strategies to both natural stressors (salinity stress) and anthropogenic stressors (metal stress). Generally, RT displayed higher α- and β-diversities and taxonomic groups compared to AT. Metal and salinity stresses induced distinct α-diversity responses in AT and RT, while β-diversity remained consistent. Both subcommunities were dominated by Woeseia genus. Metal stress emerged as the primary driver of diversity and compositional discrepancies in AT and RT. Notably, AT responded more sensitively to salinity stress than RT. Stress increased topological parameters in the biotic network of AT subcommunities while decreasing values in RT subcommunities, concurrently loosening interactions of AT with other taxa and strengthening interactions of RT with others in biotic networks. RT generally exhibited greater diversity of metal resistance genes compared to AT. Greater numbers of genes related to salinity tolerance was observed for the RT than for AT. Compared to AT, RT demonstrated higher diversity of metal resistance genes and a greater abundance of genes associated with salinity tolerance. Additionally, deterministic processes governed AT community assembly, reinforced by salinity stress. However, the opposite trend was observed in the RT, where the importance of stochastic process gradually increased with metal stresses. The study is centered on exploring the adaptation strategies of both AT and RT to environmental stress. It underscores the importance of future research incorporating diverse ecosystems and a range of environmental stressors to draw broader and more reliable conclusions. This comprehensive approach is essential for gaining a thorough understanding of the adaptive mechanisms employed by these microorganisms.
摘要：
了解丰富（AT）和稀有（RT）类群如何适应各种环境压力对于评估生态过程至关重要。但仍未得到充分研究。我们采集了辽宁省的沉积物样本,中国,代表河流(废水出口上游)，河口（废水出口），和锦州湾(污水出口下游)，全面评估AT和RT对自然应激源(盐度应激)和人为应激源(金属应激)的适应策略。一般来说,与AT相比，RT显示出更高的α-和β-多样性和分类学组。金属和盐度胁迫在AT和RT中引起不同的α多样性响应，而β-多样性保持一致。两个亚群落均以Woeseia属为主。金属应力成为AT和RT多样性和成分差异的主要驱动因素。值得注意的是,AT对盐度胁迫的反应比RT更敏感。应力增加了AT亚群落生物网络中的拓扑参数，而降低了RT亚群落中的值，同时放松AT与其他分类单元的相互作用，并加强生物网络中RT与其他分类单元的相互作用。与AT相比，RT通常表现出更大的金属抗性基因多样性。与AT相比，RT观察到与盐度耐受性相关的基因数量更多。与AT相比,RT表现出更高的金属抗性基因多样性和更丰富的与耐盐性相关的基因。此外,确定性过程管理AT社区组装，盐度应力增强。然而,在RT中观察到相反的趋势，其中随机过程的重要性随着金属应力的增加而逐渐增加。这项研究的重点是探索AT和RT对环境压力的适应策略。它强调了未来研究纳入不同生态系统和一系列环境压力源的重要性，以得出更广泛和更可靠的结论。这种全面的方法对于全面了解这些微生物采用的适应机制至关重要。
