Abstract：
Industrial wastewater generated from various production processes is often associated with elevated pollutant concentrations and environmental hazards, necessitating efficient treatment. Floating wetlands (FWs) have emerged as a promising and eco-friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment, with numerous successful field applications. This article comprehensively reviews the removal mechanisms and treatment performance in the use of FWs for the treatment of diverse industrial wastewaters. Our findings highlight that the performance of FWs relies on proper plant selection, design, aeration, season and temperature, plants harvesting and disposal, and maintenance. Well-designed FWs demonstrate remarkable effectiveness in removing organic matter (COD and BOD), suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals from industrial wastewater. This effectiveness is attributed to the intricate physical and metabolic interactions between plants and microbial communities within FWs. A significant portion of the reported applications of FWs revolve around the treatment of textile and oily wastewater. In particular, the application reports of FWs are mainly concentrated in temperate developing countries, where FWs can serve as a feasible and cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment technology, replacing high-cost traditional technologies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the treatment efficiency of FWs can be significantly enhanced through strategies like bacterial inoculation, aeration, and co-plantation of specific plant species. These techniques offer promising directions for further research. To advance the field, we recommend future research efforts focus on developing novel floating materials, optimizing the selection and combination of plants and microorganisms, exploring flexible disposal methods for harvested biomass, and designing multi-functional FW systems.
摘要：
各种生产过程产生的工业废水通常与污染物浓度升高和环境危害有关，需要有效的治疗。漂浮湿地（FWs）已成为工业废水处理的一种有前途且环保的解决方案，与许多成功的现场应用。本文全面回顾了使用FW处理各种工业废水的去除机理和处理性能。我们的发现强调，FW的性能依赖于适当的植物选择，设计,曝气,季节和温度,植物收获和处置，和维护。精心设计的FWs在去除有机物（COD和BOD）方面具有显着的效果，悬浮固体，营养素,和工业废水中的重金属。这种有效性归因于FW内植物和微生物群落之间复杂的物理和代谢相互作用。据报道，FW的大部分应用都围绕着纺织品和含油废水的处理。特别是,FWs的申请报告主要集中在温带发展中国家，FWs可以作为一种可行且具有成本效益的工业废水处理技术，取代高成本的传统技术。此外，我们的分析表明，FWs的治疗效率可以通过细菌接种等策略显着提高，曝气,和特定植物物种的共同种植。这些技术为进一步研究提供了有希望的方向。为了推进这个领域，我们建议未来的研究重点是开发新的漂浮材料，优化植物和微生物的选择和组合，探索收获生物质的灵活处置方法，设计多功能FW系统。
