PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, severity continues to rise worldwide. This systematic review seeks to examine the prevalence of diabetes and its associated comorbid conditions, aiming to provide insights into the multifaceted impact of diabetes on a broader scale. DM exhibits a positive correlation with advancing age, and it\'s strongly influenced by genetic predisposition. In recent years, there has been a discernible global increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), as evidenced by extensive epidemiological studies. Individuals with DM frequently have a positive familial history, and the presence of DM in both parents or solely the mother significantly amplifies genetic susceptibility. Moreover, non-genetic factors, such as acute psychological stressors, obesity, pregnancy, and smoking play a pivotal role in the development of DM. Notably, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and all patients with T1D. T2D is prevalent, particularly among females, and its incidence rises with age. UTIs are prevalent among individuals with diabetes, particularly females, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates being the primary etiological agents responsible for UTI inflammation. Insulin resistance is a common feature in both prediabetes and prehypertension, serving as a precursor to these conditions. The increasing incidence of T2D in regions with high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence emphasizes the significance of understanding DM as a substantial TB risk factor. DM is associated with a threefold elevation in TB risk and a twofold increase in unfavorable outcomes during TB treatment. Notably, the global prevalence of DM has led to a larger population of TB patients with comorbid DM than TB patients coinfected with HIV. Diabetes and sepsis contribute significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality, with diabetic individuals experiencing more post-sepsis complications and increased mortality. The coexistence of hypertension and T2D is a common comorbidity, with hypertension incidence being twice as high among individuals with diabetes compared to those without, often linked to insulin resistance and a heightened risk of diabetes onset.
摘要：
糖尿病（DM）是一种以血糖水平升高为特征的慢性代谢紊乱，严重程度在全球范围内继续上升。本系统评价旨在检查糖尿病的患病率及其相关的合并症。旨在更广泛地了解糖尿病的多方面影响。DM与年龄增长呈正相关，它受到遗传倾向的强烈影响。近年来,1型糖尿病（T1D）的患病率在全球范围内明显增加，广泛的流行病学研究证明了这一点。患有DM的人经常有积极的家族史，并且在父母双方或仅在母亲中存在DM显着放大了遗传易感性。此外，非遗传因素,比如急性心理压力源，肥胖，怀孕,吸烟在DM的发生发展中起着举足轻重的作用。值得注意的是,尿路感染（UTI）是2型糖尿病（T2D）患者和所有T1D患者的常见合并症。T2D很普遍，尤其是女性，其发病率随着年龄的增长而上升。尿路感染在糖尿病患者中普遍存在，尤其是女性，大肠杆菌(E.大肠杆菌)分离物是导致UTI炎症的主要病原体。胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病前期和高血压前期的共同特征。作为这些条件的前兆。在结核病（TB）患病率较高的地区，T2D发病率的增加强调了将DM理解为实质性TB风险因素的重要性。在TB治疗期间,DM与TB风险的三倍升高和不利结果的两倍增加相关。值得注意的是,DM的全球流行导致与合并感染HIV的TB患者相比,合并DM的TB患者人数更多.糖尿病和败血症对全球发病率和死亡率有显著影响。糖尿病个体经历更多的脓毒症后并发症和死亡率增加。高血压和T2D并存是一种常见的共病，糖尿病患者的高血压发病率是糖尿病患者的两倍，通常与胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病发病风险增加有关。
