Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The facial artery perforator flap is a valuable alternative for reconstruction of small to medium defects in the central midface and provide pleasing cosmetic results, allowing reconstruction in a one-stage procedure. Since Doppler ultrasound is not applicable to distinguish perforator from source artery, anatomical studies are needed to identify perforator areas along the course of the facial artery.
METHODS: Twenty facial arteries of 10 fresh anatomical head specimens were dissected. All perforators with an outer diameter of at least 0.50 mm were identified and injected with dye to color their respective vascular territories. Size and location of colored skin territories as well as the location of its perforators were documented and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: In total, 89 perforators were identified. The average number of perforators per facial artery was 4.45±1.15. The mean outer diameter of the perforator at the origin of the facial artery was 0,65±0.14 mm. The mean size of the colored skin territories was 577.57±488.81 mm2. Perforator diameters were significantly associated with the size of its resulting perforasomes. Furthermore, perforators mostly originated in two specific areas: 3.5 cm lateral and caudal and 4.5 cm lateral and 5.5 cm caudal of the anterior nasal spine.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of two predominant locations of emergence of facial artery perforators. Additionally, the significant correlation between perforator size and its appendant perforasomes as well as their location with reference to the anterior nasal spine as relevant osseous landmarks helps surgeons in decision making for flap design and surgery.
METHODS: Twenty facial arteries of 10 fresh anatomical head specimens were dissected. All perforators with an outer diameter of at least 0.50 mm were identified and injected with dye to color their respective vascular territories. Size and location of colored skin territories as well as the location of its perforators were documented and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: In total, 89 perforators were identified. The average number of perforators per facial artery was 4.45±1.15. The mean outer diameter of the perforator at the origin of the facial artery was 0,65±0.14 mm. The mean size of the colored skin territories was 577.57±488.81 mm2. Perforator diameters were significantly associated with the size of its resulting perforasomes. Furthermore, perforators mostly originated in two specific areas: 3.5 cm lateral and caudal and 4.5 cm lateral and 5.5 cm caudal of the anterior nasal spine.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of two predominant locations of emergence of facial artery perforators. Additionally, the significant correlation between perforator size and its appendant perforasomes as well as their location with reference to the anterior nasal spine as relevant osseous landmarks helps surgeons in decision making for flap design and surgery.
摘要：
背景：面动脉穿支皮瓣是重建中央中面中小缺损的有价值的替代方法，并提供令人愉悦的美容效果，允许在一个阶段的程序重建。由于多普勒超声不适用于区分穿支和来源动脉，需要进行解剖学研究，以确定沿面动脉的穿支区域。
方法：解剖10个新鲜解剖头部标本的20个面部动脉。识别所有外径至少为0.50mm的穿孔器，并注入染料以对其各自的血管区域进行着色。记录并统计分析有色皮肤区域的大小和位置以及穿孔器的位置。
结果：总计，确认了89个射孔器。平均每面动脉穿支数量为4.45±1.15。面部动脉起点处穿孔器的平均外径为0.65±0.14mm。有色皮肤区域的平均大小为577.57±488.81mm2。穿孔器直径与其所得穿孔体的大小显着相关。此外，穿孔器主要起源于两个特定区域：前鼻棘的侧面和尾部3.5cm和侧面4.5cm和尾部5.5cm。
结论：本研究提供了面动脉穿支出现的两个主要部位的证据。此外,穿支器的大小与其附属穿支体及其位置之间的显著相关性与作为相关骨性标志的前鼻脊柱相关,有助于外科医生在皮瓣设计和手术方面做出决策.
方法：解剖10个新鲜解剖头部标本的20个面部动脉。识别所有外径至少为0.50mm的穿孔器，并注入染料以对其各自的血管区域进行着色。记录并统计分析有色皮肤区域的大小和位置以及穿孔器的位置。
结果：总计，确认了89个射孔器。平均每面动脉穿支数量为4.45±1.15。面部动脉起点处穿孔器的平均外径为0.65±0.14mm。有色皮肤区域的平均大小为577.57±488.81mm2。穿孔器直径与其所得穿孔体的大小显着相关。此外，穿孔器主要起源于两个特定区域：前鼻棘的侧面和尾部3.5cm和侧面4.5cm和尾部5.5cm。
结论：本研究提供了面动脉穿支出现的两个主要部位的证据。此外,穿支器的大小与其附属穿支体及其位置之间的显著相关性与作为相关骨性标志的前鼻脊柱相关,有助于外科医生在皮瓣设计和手术方面做出决策.
