Abstract：
Plastic pollution pervades both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fragmenting over time into microplastics (MPs) and nano-plastics (NPs). These particles infiltrate organisms via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption, predominantly through the trophic interactions. This review elucidated the impacts of MPs/NPs on the reproductive viability of various species. MPs/NPs lead to reduced reproduction rates, abnormal larval development and increased mortality in aquatic invertebrates. Microplastics cause hormone secretion disorders and gonadal tissue damage in fish. In addition, the fertilization rate of eggs is reduced, and the larval deformity rate and mortality rate are increased. Male mammals exposed to MPs/NPs exhibit testicular anomalies, compromised sperm health, endocrine disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation, and granulocyte apoptosis. In female mammals, including humans, exposure culminates in ovarian and uterine deformities, endocrine imbalances, oxidative stress, inflammation, granulosa cell apoptosis, and tissue fibrogenesis. Rodent offspring exposed to MPs experience increased mortality rates, while survivors display metabolic perturbations, reproductive anomalies, and weakened immunity. These challenges are intrinsically linked to the transgenerational conveyance of MPs. The ubiquity of MPs/NPs threatens biodiversity and, crucially, jeopardizes human reproductive health. The current findings underscore the exigency for comprehensive research and proactive interventions to ameliorate the implications of these pollutants.
摘要：
塑料污染遍布海洋和陆地生态系统，随着时间的推移，碎裂成微塑料(MPs)和纳米塑料(NPs)。这些颗粒通过摄入渗入生物体，吸入,和皮肤吸收，主要通过营养相互作用。这篇综述阐明了MPs/NPs对各种物种生殖活力的影响。MP/NP导致繁殖率降低，水生无脊椎动物幼虫发育异常和死亡率增加。微塑料会导致鱼类激素分泌紊乱和性腺组织损伤。此外,卵子的受精率降低，幼虫畸形率和死亡率增加。暴露于MPs/NPs的雄性哺乳动物表现出睾丸异常，精子健康受损，内分泌紊乱，氧化应激，炎症,和粒细胞凋亡。在雌性哺乳动物中，包括人类,暴露最终导致卵巢和子宫畸形，内分泌失衡,氧化应激，炎症,颗粒细胞凋亡，和组织纤维化。暴露于国会议员的啮齿动物后代的死亡率增加，而幸存者表现出代谢紊乱，生殖异常,免疫力减弱。这些挑战与国会议员的跨代运输有着内在的联系。国会议员/NP的无处不在威胁着生物多样性，至关重要的是,危害人类生殖健康。当前的发现强调了迫切需要进行全面研究和积极干预以改善这些污染物的影响。
