PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In the realm of cognitive science, the phenomenon of \"successful cognitive aging\" stands as a hallmark of individuals who exhibit cognitive abilities surpassing those of their age-matched counterparts. However, it is paramount to underscore a significant gap in the current research, which is marked by a paucity of comprehensive inquiries that deploy substantial sample sizes to methodically investigate the cerebral biomarkers and contributory elements underpinning this cognitive success. It is within this context that our present study emerges, harnessing data derived from the UK Biobank. In this study, a highly selective cohort of 1060 individuals aged 65 and above was meticulously curated from a larger pool of 17,072 subjects. The selection process was guided by their striking cognitive resilience, ascertained via rigorous evaluation encompassing both generic and specific cognitive assessments, compared to their peers within the same age stratum. Notably, the cognitive abilities of the chosen participants closely aligned with the cognitive acumen commonly observed in middle-aged individuals. Our study leveraged a comprehensive array of neuroimaging-derived metrics, obtained from three Tesla MRI scans (T1-weighted images, dMRI, and resting-state fMRI). The metrics included image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) that addressed grey matter morphology, the strength of brain network connectivity, and the microstructural attributes of white matter. Statistical analyses were performed employing ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests to evaluate the distinctive aspects of IDPs pertinent to the domain of successful cognitive aging. Furthermore, these analyses aimed to elucidate lifestyle practices that potentially underpin the maintenance of cognitive acumen throughout the aging process. Our findings unveiled a robust and compelling association between heightened cognitive aptitude and the integrity of white matter structures within the brain. Furthermore, individuals who exhibited successful cognitive aging demonstrated markedly enhanced activity in the cerebral regions responsible for auditory perception, voluntary motor control, memory retention, and emotional regulation. These advantageous cognitive attributes were mirrored in the health-related lifestyle choices of the surveyed cohort, characterized by elevated educational attainment, a lower incidence of smoking, and a penchant for moderate alcohol consumption. Moreover, they displayed superior grip strength and enhanced walking speeds. Collectively, these findings furnish valuable insights into the multifaceted determinants of successful cognitive aging, encompassing both neurobiological constituents and lifestyle practices. Such comprehensive comprehension significantly contributes to the broader discourse on aging, thereby establishing a solid foundation for the formulation of targeted interventions aimed at fostering cognitive well-being among aging populations.
摘要：
在认知科学领域，“成功的认知老化”现象是个体表现出超过年龄匹配者的认知能力的标志。然而,最重要的是强调当前研究中的重大差距，其特点是缺乏全面的调查，这些调查部署了大量的样本量来有条不紊地调查支撑这种认知成功的大脑生物标志物和贡献因素。正是在这种背景下，我们的研究应运而生，利用来自英国生物银行的数据。在这项研究中,我们从更大的17,072名受试者中精心策划了一个由1060名65岁及65岁以上个体组成的高度选择性队列.选择过程以他们惊人的认知弹性为指导，通过严格的评估确定，包括通用和特定的认知评估，与同龄阶层的同龄人相比。值得注意的是,所选参与者的认知能力与中年人通常观察到的认知敏锐度密切相关。我们的研究利用了一系列全面的神经影像学衍生指标，从三次特斯拉MRI扫描中获得(T1加权图像，dMRI,和静息状态功能磁共振成像)。这些指标包括解决灰质形态的图像衍生表型(IDP)，大脑网络连接的力量，和白质的微结构属性。采用方差分析进行统计分析，Mann-WhitneyU测试,和卡方检验，以评估与成功认知衰老领域相关的国内流离失所者的独特方面。此外，这些分析旨在阐明在整个衰老过程中维持认知敏锐度的生活方式。我们的发现揭示了增强的认知能力与大脑中白质结构的完整性之间的强大而令人信服的关联。此外，表现出成功的认知衰老的个体在负责听觉感知的大脑区域表现出显著增强的活动，自愿运动控制，内存保留,和情绪调节。这些有利的认知属性反映在被调查队列的健康相关生活方式选择中，以提高教育水平为特征，较低的吸烟率，和适度饮酒的嗜好。此外，他们表现出优越的抓地力和提高步行速度。总的来说，这些发现为成功认知衰老的多方面决定因素提供了有价值的见解，包括神经生物学成分和生活方式。这种全面的理解大大有助于更广泛的关于衰老的论述，从而为制定旨在促进老龄人口认知福祉的有针对性的干预措施奠定了坚实的基础。
