Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) for assessment of gastric viability and describe NIRF\'s influence on the surgeon\'s operative strategy in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV).
METHODS: Prospective clinical trial.
METHODS: Twenty dogs with GDV and 20 systemically healthy dogs.
METHODS: Following gastric derotation, the surgeon\'s subjective assessment of gastric viability was recorded prior to near-infrared imaging. Changes in the surgeon\'s initial assessment of viability based on the visual pattern of gastric fluorescence was recorded. If nonviable (lack of defined vessels), a partial gastrectomy was performed and submitted for histopathology. The stapled gastrectomy line was imaged. Viable (defined vessels) and nonviable fluorescence intensities were compared with healthy dogs undergoing surgery for nongastrointestinal disease.
RESULTS: Subjective assessment diagnosed 17 viable and three nonviable GDVs (2 fundi; 1 cardia). Near-infrared imaging demonstrated nonviable gastric fluorescence in 4 dogs (3 fundi/cardia; 1 fundus). The surgeon\'s margins for resection were altered in 3/20 dogs. Fluorescence intensity (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus) was lower in GDV viable (30.59%, p = .04; 38.17%, p < .01; 51.18%, p < .01; 44.12%, p= .01) and nonviable (11.00%, p < .01; 4.33%, p < .01; 57.67%, p = .22; 54.33%, p = .72) dogs compared to healthy controls (44.7%, 70.05%, 84.00%, 63.95%). Fundic fluorescence was less in nonviable gastric tissue in comparison with viable gastric tissue (p = .03). Fluorescence of the gastrectomy staple line approximated that of viable tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: Near-infrared fluorescence can identify histologically confirmed nonviable gastric tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide enough evidence to support the implementation of NIRF as an adjunct to gross examination of the gastric wall in dogs with GDV.
METHODS: Prospective clinical trial.
METHODS: Twenty dogs with GDV and 20 systemically healthy dogs.
METHODS: Following gastric derotation, the surgeon\'s subjective assessment of gastric viability was recorded prior to near-infrared imaging. Changes in the surgeon\'s initial assessment of viability based on the visual pattern of gastric fluorescence was recorded. If nonviable (lack of defined vessels), a partial gastrectomy was performed and submitted for histopathology. The stapled gastrectomy line was imaged. Viable (defined vessels) and nonviable fluorescence intensities were compared with healthy dogs undergoing surgery for nongastrointestinal disease.
RESULTS: Subjective assessment diagnosed 17 viable and three nonviable GDVs (2 fundi; 1 cardia). Near-infrared imaging demonstrated nonviable gastric fluorescence in 4 dogs (3 fundi/cardia; 1 fundus). The surgeon\'s margins for resection were altered in 3/20 dogs. Fluorescence intensity (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus) was lower in GDV viable (30.59%, p = .04; 38.17%, p < .01; 51.18%, p < .01; 44.12%, p= .01) and nonviable (11.00%, p < .01; 4.33%, p < .01; 57.67%, p = .22; 54.33%, p = .72) dogs compared to healthy controls (44.7%, 70.05%, 84.00%, 63.95%). Fundic fluorescence was less in nonviable gastric tissue in comparison with viable gastric tissue (p = .03). Fluorescence of the gastrectomy staple line approximated that of viable tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: Near-infrared fluorescence can identify histologically confirmed nonviable gastric tissue.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide enough evidence to support the implementation of NIRF as an adjunct to gross examination of the gastric wall in dogs with GDV.
摘要：
目的：描述近红外荧光（NIRF）用于评估胃活力，并描述NIRF对胃扩张和胃扭转（GDV）犬外科医生手术策略的影响。
方法：前瞻性临床试验。
方法:20只具有GDV的狗和20只全身健康的狗。
方法：胃反胃后，在近红外成像前记录外科医生对胃活力的主观评估.记录外科医生基于胃荧光的视觉模式对生存能力的初始评估的变化。如果不可行(缺乏明确的血管)，进行了部分胃切除术,并提交组织病理学检查.对吻合的胃切除术线进行成像。与接受非胃肠道疾病手术的健康犬进行了活的（确定的血管）和不存活的荧光强度的比较。
结果：主观评估诊断出17个有活力的GDV和3个无活力的GDV（2个基底；1个贲门）。近红外成像显示4只狗（3个眼底/card门；1个眼底）的胃荧光不可行。在3/20的狗中，外科医生的切除边缘发生了改变。荧光强度(贲门，眼底,身体,幽门)在GDV可行率中较低(30.59%，p=.04；38.17%，p<.01；51.18%，p<.01；44.12%，p=0.01)和不可行(11.00%，p<.01；4.33%，p<.01；57.67%，p=.22；54.33%，p=.72）狗与健康对照组相比（44.7%，70.05%,84.00%,63.95%）。与有活力的胃组织相比，无活力的胃组织中的真菌荧光较少（p=0.03）。胃切除术钉线的荧光接近活组织的荧光。
结论：近红外荧光可以识别组织学证实的无活力胃组织。
结论：这些结果提供了足够的证据来支持NIRF作为GDV犬胃壁粗检的辅助手段。
方法：前瞻性临床试验。
方法:20只具有GDV的狗和20只全身健康的狗。
方法：胃反胃后，在近红外成像前记录外科医生对胃活力的主观评估.记录外科医生基于胃荧光的视觉模式对生存能力的初始评估的变化。如果不可行(缺乏明确的血管)，进行了部分胃切除术,并提交组织病理学检查.对吻合的胃切除术线进行成像。与接受非胃肠道疾病手术的健康犬进行了活的（确定的血管）和不存活的荧光强度的比较。
结果：主观评估诊断出17个有活力的GDV和3个无活力的GDV（2个基底；1个贲门）。近红外成像显示4只狗（3个眼底/card门；1个眼底）的胃荧光不可行。在3/20的狗中，外科医生的切除边缘发生了改变。荧光强度(贲门，眼底,身体,幽门)在GDV可行率中较低(30.59%，p=.04；38.17%，p<.01；51.18%，p<.01；44.12%，p=0.01)和不可行(11.00%，p<.01；4.33%，p<.01；57.67%，p=.22；54.33%，p=.72）狗与健康对照组相比（44.7%，70.05%,84.00%,63.95%）。与有活力的胃组织相比，无活力的胃组织中的真菌荧光较少（p=0.03）。胃切除术钉线的荧光接近活组织的荧光。
结论：近红外荧光可以识别组织学证实的无活力胃组织。
结论：这些结果提供了足够的证据来支持NIRF作为GDV犬胃壁粗检的辅助手段。
