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Abstract：
The fungal genus Rachicladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae), typified by cladosporium-like Rachicladosporium luculiae, includes a morphologically diverse assemblage of species. The species of this genus were reported from different substrates, habitats and environments, including plant leaves and needles, twig, black mould on baobab trees, rocks and insects. In this study, four new Rachicladosporium species (R. europaeum, R. ignacyi, R. kajetanii, R. silesianum) isolated from sooty mould communities covering leaves and needles of trees and shrubs in Poland are described. The new species are delineated based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses using concatenated ITS, LSU, and rpb2 sequences. All newly described species are nested in the main Rachicladosporium lineage (centred around the type species), which contains species that are able to grow at 25 °C. By contrast, four cold adapted, endolithic species known from Antarctica (R. antarcticum, R. aridum, R. mcmurdoi) and Italian Alps (R. monterosanum) form distant phylogenetic lineage and do not grow at this temperature. Therefore, they are accommodated in the new genus Cryoendolithus, typified by Cryoendolithus mcmurdoi.
摘要：
真菌属Rachicladosporium（Cladosporiales，枝节科），以枝孢菌样为代表，包括形态多样的物种组合。该属的物种来自不同的底物，栖息地和环境，包括植物叶子和针叶，树枝,猴面包树上的黑色霉菌，岩石和昆虫在这项研究中,四个新的Rachicladosporium物种（R.Europaeum,R.Ignacyi,R.Kajetanii,R.silesianum）从波兰覆盖树木和灌木的叶子和针叶的煤烟霉菌群落中分离出来。新物种是根据形态特征和分子系统发育分析使用串联ITS划定的，LSU,和rpb2序列。所有新描述的物种都嵌套在主要的Rachicladosporium谱系中（以类型物种为中心），其中包含能够在25°C下生长的物种。相比之下,四个冷适应，南极洲已知的石器时代物种(R.南极,R.aridum，R.mcmurdoi）和意大利阿尔卑斯山（R.monterosanum）形成遥远的系统发育谱系，并且在此温度下不生长。因此,它们被容纳在新的Cryoendolithus属中，以Cryoendolithusmcmurdoi为代表。
