Abstract：
Mortality of chicken embryos and first-week chickens was reported in a commercial incubator company in Costa Rica. Six 1-day-old Cobb chickens and twenty-four embryonated chicken eggs were examined in the Laboratory of Avian Pathology and the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the National University of Costa Rica. Twelve dead-in-shell embryos showed maceration and were immersed in a putrid, turbid, slightly thick brown liquid. Additionally, the other 12 embryonated eggs had milky yellow-orange content. The livers of those embryos had congestion, haemorrhages and multifocal cream foci of necrosis. Granulocytic infiltration was observed in the bursa of Fabricius, myocardium, liver, lung and kidney. Livers and egg yolks from six embryonated chickens and all 1-day-old chickens were aseptically collected and cultured. In addition, tissues from six better conserved embryos and all 1-day-old chickens were fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Biochemical and molecular tests identified Comamonas testosteroni as the cause of the early, middle and late embryo mortality. As all the eggshells from the sampled embryonated eggs were dirty with soiled a fecal matter, contamination after manipulating the eggs was considered the source of infection. C. testosteroni is an environmental microorganism that has rarely been reported to cause human disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. testosteroni causing mortality in a hatchery. Cleaning and disinfection using ozone were implemented in the hatchery to eliminate the embryo mortality associated with C. testosteroni.
摘要：
哥斯达黎加一家商业孵化器公司报告了鸡胚和第一周鸡的死亡率。在哥斯达黎加国立大学的禽类病理学实验室和细菌学实验室检查了六只1日龄的Cobb鸡和二十四个含胚鸡蛋。12个死在壳中的胚胎显示出浸渍作用，并浸入腐烂物中，浑浊,略厚的棕色液体。此外,其他12个含胚的卵含有乳白色的黄橙色。这些胚胎的肝脏有充血，出血和多灶性乳膏坏死灶。在Fabricius的法氏囊中观察到粒细胞浸润，心肌，肝脏,肺和肾。无菌收集并培养六只胚胎鸡和所有1日龄鸡的肝脏和蛋黄。此外,将6个保存较好的胚胎和所有1日龄鸡的组织固定在缓冲的福尔马林中并包埋在石蜡中。生化和分子测试确定了睾丸激素的早期原因，中期和晚期胚胎死亡率。由于取样的含胚鸡蛋的所有蛋壳都被粪便污染了，操纵鸡蛋后的污染被认为是感染源。睾丸杆菌是一种环境微生物，很少有报道会引起人类疾病。据我们所知,这是在孵化场中首次报道的C.testeroni导致死亡。在孵化场中实施使用臭氧的清洁和消毒以消除与睾丸杆菌相关的胚胎死亡率。
