PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Online grocery delivery services (OGDSs) are a popular way of acquiring food. However, it is unclear whether OGDS use is associated with the healthiness of purchases and whether there are sociodemographic differences in OGDS use. If so, the increased prevalence of OGDS use may have implications for population diet, and differential OGDS use could contribute to diet inequalities.
This study aimed to examine whether OGDS use varies by sociodemographic characteristics and is associated with the amount and types of groceries purchased.
Item-level take-home food and drink purchase data (n=3,233,920 items) from households in London and the North of England were available from the 2019 UK Kantar fast-moving consumer goods panel (N=1911). Purchases were categorized as being bought online or in-store. We used logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of an above-median frequency of OGDS use by sociodemographic characteristics. We used Poisson regression to estimate the differences in energy and nutrients purchased by households that had above- and below-median OGDS use and the proportion of energy purchased from products high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) online versus in-store among households that used both shopping methods (n=665).
In total, 668 (35%) households used OGDSs at least once in 2019. Of the households that used OGDSs, the median use was 5 occasions in 2019. Households were more likely to have above-median use in London versus in the North of England (odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.65) and if they had a higher annual household income (odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.38 for ≥£50,000 [US $64,000] vs <£20,000 [$25,600]). Households with above-median OGDS use had a higher weekly mean purchase of energy by 1461 (95% CI 1448-1474) kcal per person compared with households with below-median OGDS use. For households that used a combination of in-store and online shopping, HFSS products made up a lower proportion (-10.1%, 95% CI -12% to -8.1%) of energy purchased online compared to in-store.
Differences in grocery purchases between households with above- and below-median OGDS use could have positive or negative consequences. The extra energy purchased among households with above-median OGDS use could lead to overconsumption or food waste, which has negative consequences for population and environmental health. Alternatively, this extra energy may be replacing out-of-home purchasing, which tends to be less healthy, and may be beneficial for the population diet. Households made fewer HFSS purchases when shopping online compared to in-store, which may be due to differences in the shopping environment or experience, such as fewer promotions and advertisements when shopping online or not having to transport and carry purchases home. As higher-income households used OGDS more frequently, the implications of this sociodemographic pattern on dietary inequalities must be explored.
This study aimed to examine whether OGDS use varies by sociodemographic characteristics and is associated with the amount and types of groceries purchased.
Item-level take-home food and drink purchase data (n=3,233,920 items) from households in London and the North of England were available from the 2019 UK Kantar fast-moving consumer goods panel (N=1911). Purchases were categorized as being bought online or in-store. We used logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of an above-median frequency of OGDS use by sociodemographic characteristics. We used Poisson regression to estimate the differences in energy and nutrients purchased by households that had above- and below-median OGDS use and the proportion of energy purchased from products high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) online versus in-store among households that used both shopping methods (n=665).
In total, 668 (35%) households used OGDSs at least once in 2019. Of the households that used OGDSs, the median use was 5 occasions in 2019. Households were more likely to have above-median use in London versus in the North of England (odds ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.65) and if they had a higher annual household income (odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.38 for ≥£50,000 [US $64,000] vs <£20,000 [$25,600]). Households with above-median OGDS use had a higher weekly mean purchase of energy by 1461 (95% CI 1448-1474) kcal per person compared with households with below-median OGDS use. For households that used a combination of in-store and online shopping, HFSS products made up a lower proportion (-10.1%, 95% CI -12% to -8.1%) of energy purchased online compared to in-store.
Differences in grocery purchases between households with above- and below-median OGDS use could have positive or negative consequences. The extra energy purchased among households with above-median OGDS use could lead to overconsumption or food waste, which has negative consequences for population and environmental health. Alternatively, this extra energy may be replacing out-of-home purchasing, which tends to be less healthy, and may be beneficial for the population diet. Households made fewer HFSS purchases when shopping online compared to in-store, which may be due to differences in the shopping environment or experience, such as fewer promotions and advertisements when shopping online or not having to transport and carry purchases home. As higher-income households used OGDS more frequently, the implications of this sociodemographic pattern on dietary inequalities must be explored.
摘要：
背景：在线杂货配送服务（OGDS）是获取食物的一种流行方式。然而,目前尚不清楚OGDS的使用是否与购买的健康性相关,以及OGDS的使用是否存在社会人口统计学差异.如果是,OGDS使用率的增加可能对人群饮食有影响，不同的OGDS使用可能导致饮食不平等。
目的：本研究旨在研究OGDS的使用是否因社会人口统计学特征而异，是否与购买杂货的数量和类型相关。
方法：来自伦敦和英格兰北部家庭的项目级外卖食品和饮料购买数据（n=3,233,920项）可从2019年英国Kantar快速消费品小组（N=1911）获得。购买被归类为在网上或在店内购买。我们使用逻辑回归通过社会人口统计学特征估计OGDS使用频率高于中位数的可能性。我们使用泊松回归来估计OGDS使用量高于和低于中位数的家庭购买的能量和营养素的差异，以及从高脂肪产品购买的能量比例，盐,在使用两种购物方式的家庭中，在线糖（HFSS）与店内糖（n=665）。
结果：总计，2019年，668个（35%）家庭至少使用过一次OGDS。在使用OGDS的家庭中，2019年使用中位数为5次.与英格兰北部相比，伦敦的家庭使用高于中位数的可能性更大（赔率比1.29，95％CI1.01-1.65），并且如果他们的家庭年收入较高（赔率比1.56，95％CI1.02-2.38≥50,000英镑[64,000美元]vs<20,000英镑[25,600美元]）。与OGDS使用量低于中位数的家庭相比，OGDS使用量高于中位数的家庭每人每周平均购买能量为1461（95％CI1448-1474）千卡。对于使用店内购物和网上购物相结合的家庭，HFSS产品所占比例较低（-10.1%，与店内相比，网上购买的能量的95%CI-12%至-8.1%）。
结论：OGDS使用率高于和低于中位数的家庭购买杂货的差异可能会产生积极或消极的后果。OGDS使用率高于中位数的家庭购买的额外能源可能导致过度消费或食物浪费，这对人口和环境健康有负面影响。或者，这种额外的能量可能会取代外出购买，往往不太健康，可能对人群饮食有益。与在店内购物相比，家庭在网上购物时购买的HFSS较少，这可能是由于购物环境或体验的差异，例如，在网上购物时减少促销和广告，或者不必将购买的物品运送和携带回家。随着高收入家庭更频繁地使用OGDS，必须探讨这种社会人口统计学模式对饮食不平等的影响。
目的：本研究旨在研究OGDS的使用是否因社会人口统计学特征而异，是否与购买杂货的数量和类型相关。
方法：来自伦敦和英格兰北部家庭的项目级外卖食品和饮料购买数据（n=3,233,920项）可从2019年英国Kantar快速消费品小组（N=1911）获得。购买被归类为在网上或在店内购买。我们使用逻辑回归通过社会人口统计学特征估计OGDS使用频率高于中位数的可能性。我们使用泊松回归来估计OGDS使用量高于和低于中位数的家庭购买的能量和营养素的差异，以及从高脂肪产品购买的能量比例，盐,在使用两种购物方式的家庭中，在线糖（HFSS）与店内糖（n=665）。
结果：总计，2019年，668个（35%）家庭至少使用过一次OGDS。在使用OGDS的家庭中，2019年使用中位数为5次.与英格兰北部相比，伦敦的家庭使用高于中位数的可能性更大（赔率比1.29，95％CI1.01-1.65），并且如果他们的家庭年收入较高（赔率比1.56，95％CI1.02-2.38≥50,000英镑[64,000美元]vs<20,000英镑[25,600美元]）。与OGDS使用量低于中位数的家庭相比，OGDS使用量高于中位数的家庭每人每周平均购买能量为1461（95％CI1448-1474）千卡。对于使用店内购物和网上购物相结合的家庭，HFSS产品所占比例较低（-10.1%，与店内相比，网上购买的能量的95%CI-12%至-8.1%）。
结论：OGDS使用率高于和低于中位数的家庭购买杂货的差异可能会产生积极或消极的后果。OGDS使用率高于中位数的家庭购买的额外能源可能导致过度消费或食物浪费，这对人口和环境健康有负面影响。或者，这种额外的能量可能会取代外出购买，往往不太健康，可能对人群饮食有益。与在店内购物相比，家庭在网上购物时购买的HFSS较少，这可能是由于购物环境或体验的差异，例如，在网上购物时减少促销和广告，或者不必将购买的物品运送和携带回家。随着高收入家庭更频繁地使用OGDS，必须探讨这种社会人口统计学模式对饮食不平等的影响。
