Abstract：
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the major forms of silicon dioxide and are composed of the most-abundant compounds on earth. Based on their excellent properties, SiNPs are widely used in food production, synthetic processes, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and other fields. The mass production and wide application of SiNPs increases the risk of human exposure to SiNPs. In the workplace and environment, SiNPs mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and reach the lungs; therefore, the lungs are the most important and most toxicologically affected target organ of SiNPs. An increasing number of studies have shown that SiNP exposure can cause severe lung toxicity. However, studies on the toxicity of SiNPs in ex vivo and in vivo settings are still in the exploratory phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lung toxicity of SiNPs are varied and not yet fully understood. As a result, this review summarizes the possible mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Moreover, this study provides a summary of the progression of diseases caused by SiNPs, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for future studies on the mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity.
摘要：
二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiNP)是二氧化硅的主要形式之一,并且由地球上最丰富的化合物组成。基于其优异的性能，SiNPs广泛用于食品生产,合成过程，医学诊断,药物输送,和其他领域。SiNP的大规模生产和广泛应用增加了人类暴露于SiNP的风险。在工作场所和环境中，SiNP主要通过呼吸道进入人体并到达肺部；因此，肺是SiNP的最重要和最具毒理学影响的靶器官。越来越多的研究表明，SiNP暴露会导致严重的肺毒性。然而,关于SiNPs在离体和体内环境中的毒性研究仍处于探索阶段。SiNP的肺毒性的分子机制是变化的并且尚未完全理解。因此,本文综述了SiNP诱导肺毒性的可能机制,如氧化应激，内质网应激,线粒体损伤，细胞死亡。此外，这项研究提供了由SiNPs引起的疾病进展的总结，从而为今后研究SiNP致肺毒性的机制奠定了理论基础。
