PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Altitude training has become an important training application for athletes due its potential for altering physiology and enhancing performance. This practice is commonly used by athletes, with a popular choice being the live high - train low approach. This model recommends that athletes live at high altitude (1250-3000 m), but train at low altitude or sea-level (0-1200 m). Exposure to altitude often leads to hypoxic stress and in turn stimulates changes in total haemoglobin mass, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin receptors, which alter further underlying physiology. Through enhanced physiology, improved exercise performance may arise through enhancement of the oxygen transport system which is important for endurance events. Previous investigations into the effects of altitude training on exercise performance have been completed in a range of contexts, including running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon. Often following a LHTL altitude intervention, athletes realise improvements in maximal oxygen consumption capacity, time trial performance and peak power outputs. Although heterogeneity exists among LHTL methodologies, i.e., exposure durations and altitude ranges, we synthesised this data into kilometre hours, and found that the most common hypoxic doses used in LHTL interventions ranged from ∼578-687 km h. As this narrative review demonstrates, there are potential advantages to using altitude training to enhance physiology and improve performance for endurance athletes.
摘要：
由于高原训练具有改变生理和提高表现的潜力，因此已成为运动员的重要训练应用。这种做法是运动员常用的，一个流行的选择是直播高铁低方式。该模型建议运动员生活在高海拔（1250-3000米），但在低海拔或海平面（0-1200米）训练。暴露于海拔高度通常会导致低氧应激，进而刺激总血红蛋白质量的变化，促红细胞生成素,和可溶性转铁蛋白受体，这进一步改变了潜在的生理学。通过增强生理学，通过增强氧气运输系统可以改善运动表现，这对耐力项目很重要。先前在一系列情况下完成了对高原训练对运动表现影响的调查，包括跑步,骑自行车,游泳,和铁人三项。通常在LHTL高度干预之后，运动员意识到最大耗氧能力的提高，时间试验性能和峰值功率输出。尽管LHTL方法之间存在异质性，即，暴露持续时间和海拔高度范围，我们将这些数据合成为公里小时，andfoundthatthemostcommonhypoxicdumpesusedinLHTLinterventionsrangefrom~578-687kmh.Asthisnarrativereviewdements,有潜在的优势，使用高原训练，以增强生理和提高耐力运动员的表现。
