PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Beans and vegetables are consumed with cereals in India on daily basis. The aim of the study was to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in cooked beans and cooked vegetables consumed by adults (18-59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) subjects from two districts (Ludhiana and Bathinda) of Punjab. A total of 150 households were selected from 30 different locations covering both rural and urban areas. The mean daily consumption of beans and vegetables in Ludhiana was recorded as 35.09 and 215.93 g, respectively. The corresponding figures in Bathinda were observed as 26.85 and 230.54 g. The average amounts of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.44 × 10-5, 8.21 × 10-5, 1.30 × 10-3, and 2.61 × 10-7 mg/kg for cooked vegetables in urban households of Ludhiana district, respectively. The corresponding values for rural households were 1.53 × 10-5, 5.58 × 10-5, and 2.98 × 10-4 mg/kg while mercury was not detected. The mean chronic daily intake (CDI) of arsenic from cooked beans was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher in urban adult males of Ludhiana (7.74 × 10-9 mg/kg/day) and Bathinda (5.31 × 10-9 mg/kg/day) compared to their rural counterparts. Similar trend was observed in CDI of heavy metals from vegetables. The mean CDI of cadmium from cooked vegetables in urban adult females of Ludhiana (3.76 × 10-7 mg/kg/day) was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher than their rural counterparts and both urban and rural adult females of Bathinda. The study concluded that the subjects of both districts were found safe from non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with heavy metals present in cooked beans and vegetables, except for urban subjects and rural adult subjects of Ludhiana district who had cancer risk due to cadmium present in cooked vegetable samples.
摘要：
在印度，豆类和蔬菜每天都与谷物一起食用。该研究的目的是评估来自两个地区（Ludhiana和Bathinda）的成年人（18-59岁）和老年人（≥60岁）食用的熟豆类和熟蔬菜中重金属的致癌和非致癌风险旁遮普邦。从覆盖农村和城市地区的30个不同地点共选出150户家庭。Ludhiana的豆类和蔬菜的平均每日消费量为35.09和215.93克，分别。观察到Bathinda的相应数字为26.85和230.54g。砷的平均含量，镉,铅,Ludhiana区城市家庭煮熟蔬菜的汞含量为1.44×10-5，8.21×10-5，1.30×10-3和2.61×10-7mg/kg，分别。农村家庭的相应值为1.53×10-5、5.58×10-5和2.98×10-4mg/kg，而未检测到汞。Ludhiana的城市成年男性（7.74×10-9mg/kg/天）和Bathinda（5.31×10-9mg/kg/天），煮熟的豆类中砷的平均慢性每日摄入量（CDI）显着（p≤.001）与农村同行相比。在来自蔬菜的重金属的CDI中观察到类似的趋势。Ludhiana城市成年女性煮熟蔬菜中镉的平均CDI（3.76×10-7mg/kg/天）显着（p≤.001）高于农村女性以及Bathinda的城市和农村成年女性。该研究得出的结论是，这两个地区的受试者都可以安全地避免与煮熟的豆类和蔬菜中存在的重金属相关的非致癌和致癌风险，除了Ludhiana地区的城市受试者和农村成人受试者，他们由于煮熟的蔬菜样品中存在镉而有癌症风险。
