PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The study of food addiction (FA) has become relevant due to its high prevalence, the negative impact on quality of life, and its association with neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have provided scientific support for these associations, however, the results are contradictory. Additionally, studies have unsuccessfully elucidated the true nature of the failures in executive functioning in people with FA symptomatology, particularly when it comes to executive deficits. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish whether the presence of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms and binge eating problems, as well as high reward sensitivity entails a greater severity in FA traits and high body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Mexican adults.
The sample consisted of Mexican men and women between 21-59 years (n = 36); who completed self-report questionnaires and performance tests to measure the study variables. Additionally, BMI was estimated with self-reported height and weight.
Our results showed that a high number of FA symptoms were associated with higher executive dysfunction scores, greater reward sensitivity, and more severe depressive and binge eating problems. Furthermore, factors that are more strongly associated with higher scores of FA include severe executive deficits, greater activation of the punishment avoidance system, and persistence in the search for reward when the depressive symptoms increased. The factors that best explained changes in the estimated BMI of women were a decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and the inability to control food intake as the number of FA symptoms increased.
In summary, the cognitive functioning profile characterized by general failure of the executive functioning, as well as a greater activation of the Punishment Avoidance System and persistence in the search for reward, were associated with greater severity of FA symptoms, especially when the depressive symptomatology was severe. In parallel, the psychopathology in participants associated with FA confirms the contribution of anxious and depressive symptomatology and borderline personality traits which could facilitate the expression of clinically relevant FA symptoms in women. Finally, we found that decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and inability to control food intake were linked to higher BMI when the number of FA symptoms increased.
The sample consisted of Mexican men and women between 21-59 years (n = 36); who completed self-report questionnaires and performance tests to measure the study variables. Additionally, BMI was estimated with self-reported height and weight.
Our results showed that a high number of FA symptoms were associated with higher executive dysfunction scores, greater reward sensitivity, and more severe depressive and binge eating problems. Furthermore, factors that are more strongly associated with higher scores of FA include severe executive deficits, greater activation of the punishment avoidance system, and persistence in the search for reward when the depressive symptoms increased. The factors that best explained changes in the estimated BMI of women were a decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and the inability to control food intake as the number of FA symptoms increased.
In summary, the cognitive functioning profile characterized by general failure of the executive functioning, as well as a greater activation of the Punishment Avoidance System and persistence in the search for reward, were associated with greater severity of FA symptoms, especially when the depressive symptomatology was severe. In parallel, the psychopathology in participants associated with FA confirms the contribution of anxious and depressive symptomatology and borderline personality traits which could facilitate the expression of clinically relevant FA symptoms in women. Finally, we found that decreased crystallized intellectual capacity and inability to control food intake were linked to higher BMI when the number of FA symptoms increased.
摘要：
■由于食物成瘾（FA）的高患病率，对其的研究已变得相关，对生活质量的负面影响，以及它与神经心理和精神症状的关联。一些研究为这些协会提供了科学支持，然而,结果是矛盾的。此外,研究未能成功地阐明了患有FA症状的人的执行功能失败的真实性质，尤其是在高管赤字方面。因此,这项研究的目的是确定是否存在执行功能障碍，抑郁症状和暴饮暴食问题，在墨西哥成年人的样本中，高奖励敏感性以及FA特征和高体重指数（BMI）的严重程度更高。
■样本包括21-59岁的墨西哥男性和女性（n=36）；他们完成了自我报告问卷和绩效测试以测量研究变量。此外,用自我报告的身高和体重来估计BMI。
■我们的结果表明，大量的FA症状与较高的执行功能障碍评分相关，更大的奖励敏感度，和更严重的抑郁和暴饮暴食问题。此外，与较高的FA分数更密切相关的因素包括严重的高管赤字，更大的惩罚规避系统的激活，当抑郁症状增加时，坚持寻找奖励。最能解释女性估计BMI变化的因素是结晶智力能力下降和随着FA症状数量增加而无法控制食物摄入量。
■总之，以执行功能普遍失败为特征的认知功能概况，以及更好地激活惩罚避免系统和坚持不懈地寻找奖励，与更严重的FA症状相关，特别是当抑郁症状严重时。并行,与FA相关的参与者的心理病理学证实了焦虑和抑郁症状以及边缘性人格特质的贡献,这可能促进女性临床相关FA症状的表达.最后,我们发现,当FA症状数量增加时,结晶智力下降和无法控制食物摄入与较高的BMI相关.
■样本包括21-59岁的墨西哥男性和女性（n=36）；他们完成了自我报告问卷和绩效测试以测量研究变量。此外,用自我报告的身高和体重来估计BMI。
■我们的结果表明，大量的FA症状与较高的执行功能障碍评分相关，更大的奖励敏感度，和更严重的抑郁和暴饮暴食问题。此外，与较高的FA分数更密切相关的因素包括严重的高管赤字，更大的惩罚规避系统的激活，当抑郁症状增加时，坚持寻找奖励。最能解释女性估计BMI变化的因素是结晶智力能力下降和随着FA症状数量增加而无法控制食物摄入量。
■总之，以执行功能普遍失败为特征的认知功能概况，以及更好地激活惩罚避免系统和坚持不懈地寻找奖励，与更严重的FA症状相关，特别是当抑郁症状严重时。并行,与FA相关的参与者的心理病理学证实了焦虑和抑郁症状以及边缘性人格特质的贡献,这可能促进女性临床相关FA症状的表达.最后,我们发现,当FA症状数量增加时,结晶智力下降和无法控制食物摄入与较高的BMI相关.
