Abstract：
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the essential staple foods highly consumed globally, with nearly 40% to 45% of the global population estimated to consume rice. Therefore, consumable rice should have low levels of harmful elements. This study investigates fluoride (F¯) content in raw rice (uncooked rice) and evaluates Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment (PHRA) through Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) due to the consumption of F¯ enriched rice. The literature review reveals that limited studies have been conducted on the investigation of F¯ in raw rice. The fluoride (F¯) concentration in raw rice varies across the studied countries, indicating the need for additional studies to facilitate a more accurate comparison. The F¯ content in raw rice varied among the studied countries, making it difficult to definitively state that the concentration of F¯ in one country is higher. However, the concentration of F¯ in raw rice in India is notably elevated. This study also highlighted the importance of investigating the F¯ content in raw rice. The study will be highly helpful for policymakers to formulate guidelines for water used for irrigation.
摘要：
水稻（Oryzasativa）是全球高度消费的必需主食之一，据估计，全球近40%至45%的人口消费大米。因此,食用大米的有害元素含量应该很低。这项研究调查了原料大米（未煮熟的大米）中的氟化物（F）含量，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）评估了由于食用富含F的大米而导致的概率健康风险评估（PHRA）。文献综述表明，对原料稻米中的F'进行了有限的研究。在所研究的国家中，生稻米中的氟化物(F’)浓度各不相同，这表明需要更多的研究来促进更准确的比较。在研究的国家中，生大米中的F含量各不相同，这使得很难明确地说明F在一个国家的集中度更高。然而,在印度，原米中的F'浓度显著升高。这项研究还强调了调查生米中F'含量的重要性。这项研究将非常有助于决策者制定灌溉用水的指导方针。
