Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The trail making test part B (TMT-B) evaluates executive functions, memory, and sensorimotor functions. No previous study was found to examine the longitudinal effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on the TMT-B scores in Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) across racial groups.
METHODS: This study used the data from Alzheimer\'s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 382 participants with AD, 503 with cognitive normal (CN), 1293 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and follow-up of four years. The multivariable linear mixed model was used to investigate the effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on changes in TMT-B scores.
RESULTS: Compared with Whites, African Americans (AA) and Hispanics had higher TMT-B scores (poor cognitive function). Furthermore, Whites subjects with 1 or 2 APOE-ε4 alleles had significantly higher TMT-B scores compared with individuals without APOE-ε4 allele at baseline and four follow-up visits; however, no differences in TMT-B were found between APOE-ε4 alleles in the Hispanic and AA groups. No APOE-ε4 by visit interactions was found for 3 racial groups. Stratified by AD diagnosis, the APOE-ε4 allele was associated with TMT-B scores only in the MCI group, while there were significant interactions for visit by education, APOE-ε4 allele, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the MCI group. In addition, TMT-B was significantly correlated with the MMSE, AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 13 (ADAS13), tTau, pTau, Aβ42, and hippocampus.
CONCLUSIONS: APOE-ɛ4 allele is associated with TMT-B scores in Whites subjects, but not in the Hispanic and AA groups. APOE-ε4 showed interaction with visit in the MCI group.
METHODS: This study used the data from Alzheimer\'s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 382 participants with AD, 503 with cognitive normal (CN), 1293 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and follow-up of four years. The multivariable linear mixed model was used to investigate the effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on changes in TMT-B scores.
RESULTS: Compared with Whites, African Americans (AA) and Hispanics had higher TMT-B scores (poor cognitive function). Furthermore, Whites subjects with 1 or 2 APOE-ε4 alleles had significantly higher TMT-B scores compared with individuals without APOE-ε4 allele at baseline and four follow-up visits; however, no differences in TMT-B were found between APOE-ε4 alleles in the Hispanic and AA groups. No APOE-ε4 by visit interactions was found for 3 racial groups. Stratified by AD diagnosis, the APOE-ε4 allele was associated with TMT-B scores only in the MCI group, while there were significant interactions for visit by education, APOE-ε4 allele, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the MCI group. In addition, TMT-B was significantly correlated with the MMSE, AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 13 (ADAS13), tTau, pTau, Aβ42, and hippocampus.
CONCLUSIONS: APOE-ɛ4 allele is associated with TMT-B scores in Whites subjects, but not in the Hispanic and AA groups. APOE-ε4 showed interaction with visit in the MCI group.
摘要：
目的：跟踪测试B部分（TMT-B）评估执行功能，记忆,和感觉运动功能。以前没有研究发现APOE-ε4基因型对阿尔茨海默病（AD）中TMT-B评分的纵向影响。
方法：这项研究使用了阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议（ADNI）的数据：382名患有AD的参与者，503与认知正常（CN），1293例轻度认知障碍（MCI）在基线和随访四年。多变量线性混合模型用于研究APOE-ε4基因型对TMT-B评分变化的影响。
结果：与白人相比，非洲裔美国人（AA）和西班牙裔美国人的TMT-B得分较高（认知功能较差）。此外，在基线和四次随访时，与没有APOE-ε4等位基因的个体相比，具有1或2个APOE-ε4等位基因的白人受试者的TMT-B得分明显更高；然而，在西班牙裔和AA组中，APOE-ε4等位基因之间的TMT-B没有发现差异。在3个种族群体中未发现通过访问互动的APOE-ε4。按AD诊断分层，APOE-ε4等位基因仅在MCI组中与TMT-B评分相关,虽然教育访问有重要的互动，APOE-ε4等位基因,MCI组的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分。此外,TMT-B与MMSE显著相关，AD评估量表-认知子量表13(ADAS13)，ttau,pTau,Aβ42和海马。
结论：APOE-13C4等位基因与白人受试者的TMT-B评分相关，但不是在西班牙裔和AA组。APOE-ε4在MCI组中显示与访问的相互作用。
方法：这项研究使用了阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议（ADNI）的数据：382名患有AD的参与者，503与认知正常（CN），1293例轻度认知障碍（MCI）在基线和随访四年。多变量线性混合模型用于研究APOE-ε4基因型对TMT-B评分变化的影响。
结果：与白人相比，非洲裔美国人（AA）和西班牙裔美国人的TMT-B得分较高（认知功能较差）。此外，在基线和四次随访时，与没有APOE-ε4等位基因的个体相比，具有1或2个APOE-ε4等位基因的白人受试者的TMT-B得分明显更高；然而，在西班牙裔和AA组中，APOE-ε4等位基因之间的TMT-B没有发现差异。在3个种族群体中未发现通过访问互动的APOE-ε4。按AD诊断分层，APOE-ε4等位基因仅在MCI组中与TMT-B评分相关,虽然教育访问有重要的互动，APOE-ε4等位基因,MCI组的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分。此外,TMT-B与MMSE显著相关，AD评估量表-认知子量表13(ADAS13)，ttau,pTau,Aβ42和海马。
结论：APOE-13C4等位基因与白人受试者的TMT-B评分相关，但不是在西班牙裔和AA组。APOE-ε4在MCI组中显示与访问的相互作用。
