PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The effects of bilingualism on neuropsychological test performance in bilinguals with and without cognitive impairment are not well-understood and are relatively limited by small sample sizes of Latinos.
METHODS: Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we explored patterns of cognitive performance and impairment across a large sample of community-dwelling bilingual and monolingual Latino older adults with (n = 180) and without (n = 643) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in HABS-HD.
RESULTS: Bilinguals demonstrated cognitive resiliency in the form of significantly better performance on the Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test, observed across the cognitively unimpaired and MCI groups. In contrast, bilinguals demonstrated cognitive vulnerability in the form of significantly poorer performance and higher impairment rates on phonemic fluency in the MCI phase, only. Follow-up analyses revealed less balanced bilinguals demonstrated poorer performance and higher impairment rates on this measure, supported by lower levels of plasma Aβ 42/40.
CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of cognitive performance and impairment differ as a function of bilingualism. Bilingualism must be considered when evaluating cognitive and biomarker outcomes in Latino older adults.
UNASSIGNED: Latino bilinguals perform better on measures of processing speed and coding.Latino bilinguals with MCI demonstrate cognitive vulnerability in verbal fluency.Less balanced bilinguals demonstrate greatest vulnerability anchored by Aβ 42/40.
METHODS: Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we explored patterns of cognitive performance and impairment across a large sample of community-dwelling bilingual and monolingual Latino older adults with (n = 180) and without (n = 643) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in HABS-HD.
RESULTS: Bilinguals demonstrated cognitive resiliency in the form of significantly better performance on the Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test, observed across the cognitively unimpaired and MCI groups. In contrast, bilinguals demonstrated cognitive vulnerability in the form of significantly poorer performance and higher impairment rates on phonemic fluency in the MCI phase, only. Follow-up analyses revealed less balanced bilinguals demonstrated poorer performance and higher impairment rates on this measure, supported by lower levels of plasma Aβ 42/40.
CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of cognitive performance and impairment differ as a function of bilingualism. Bilingualism must be considered when evaluating cognitive and biomarker outcomes in Latino older adults.
UNASSIGNED: Latino bilinguals perform better on measures of processing speed and coding.Latino bilinguals with MCI demonstrate cognitive vulnerability in verbal fluency.Less balanced bilinguals demonstrate greatest vulnerability anchored by Aβ 42/40.
摘要：
背景：在有和没有认知障碍的双语者中，双语对神经心理学测试表现的影响还没有得到很好的理解，并且受到拉丁美洲人的小样本量的相对限制。
方法：使用协方差分析(ANCOVA)，我们调查了在HABS-HD中登记的有(n=180)和无(n=643)轻度认知障碍(MCI)的社区居住的双语和单语拉丁裔老年人群的认知表现和损害模式.
结果：双语者在跟踪测试和数字符号替换测试中表现出明显更好的认知弹性，在认知未受损组和MCI组中观察到。相比之下,双语者在MCI阶段表现出明显较差的表现和较高的音素流畅性受损率的认知脆弱性，only.后续分析显示，不平衡的双语者在这项措施上表现较差，损害率较高，由较低水平的血浆Aβ42/40支持。
结论：认知表现和损害的模式作为双语的功能而不同。在评估拉丁裔老年人的认知和生物标志物结果时，必须考虑双语。
■拉丁裔双语者在处理速度和编码方面的表现更好。具有MCI的拉丁裔双语者在言语流畅性方面表现出认知脆弱性。较不平衡的双语者表现出最大的脆弱性，以Aβ42/40为基础。
方法：使用协方差分析(ANCOVA)，我们调查了在HABS-HD中登记的有(n=180)和无(n=643)轻度认知障碍(MCI)的社区居住的双语和单语拉丁裔老年人群的认知表现和损害模式.
结果：双语者在跟踪测试和数字符号替换测试中表现出明显更好的认知弹性，在认知未受损组和MCI组中观察到。相比之下,双语者在MCI阶段表现出明显较差的表现和较高的音素流畅性受损率的认知脆弱性，only.后续分析显示，不平衡的双语者在这项措施上表现较差，损害率较高，由较低水平的血浆Aβ42/40支持。
结论：认知表现和损害的模式作为双语的功能而不同。在评估拉丁裔老年人的认知和生物标志物结果时，必须考虑双语。
■拉丁裔双语者在处理速度和编码方面的表现更好。具有MCI的拉丁裔双语者在言语流畅性方面表现出认知脆弱性。较不平衡的双语者表现出最大的脆弱性，以Aβ42/40为基础。
