Abstract：
This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge base about the lives of individuals who experience incarceration in the U.S. in order to advance post-release intervention services. Research has shown that among the millions of Americans who cycle through prisons and jails each year, the majority are poor, in poor health, living in contexts of chronic violence, often with mental illness, and more than half are people of color. Of particular concern for this population are high rates of trauma exposure and PTSD, though the research in this area is underdeveloped, particularly for men. Using survey data gathered during a large (n = 1,516, 90% male) multi-state randomized control trial of a reentry intervention, this study used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore types and timing of trauma exposures across the life course. LCA has been found to be an effective statistical tool in intervention research for identifying high-risk groups and for informing the tailoring of interventions. This study found three latent classes: 1) Lifetime Interpersonal Polyvictimization, 2) Lifetime Environmental Exposures, and 3) Low Exposure. About one third of the sample fell within each class. Study findings indicate that not only should trauma-informed and trauma-specific interventions be the norm in reentry services, including for men, but that these interventions should target both individual and environmental factors.
摘要：
本文旨在为在美国遭受监禁的个人的生活知识库做出贡献，以促进发布后的干预服务。研究表明，在每年骑自行车穿越监狱和监狱的数百万美国人中，大多数人都是穷人，在健康状况不佳的情况下，生活在慢性暴力的环境中，经常患有精神疾病，一半以上是有色人种。这些人群特别关注的是创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍的高发生率，尽管这方面的研究不发达，尤其是对于男人。使用在一项大型（n=1,516，90％男性）多州随机对照试验中收集的调查数据，这项研究使用潜在类别分析（LCA）来探索整个生命过程中创伤暴露的类型和时间。LCA已被发现是干预研究中的有效统计工具，可用于识别高危人群并告知干预措施的定制。这项研究发现了三个潜在的类别：1)终身人际多病，2）终身环境暴露，3）低曝光。大约三分之一的样本属于每个类。研究结果表明，不仅创伤知情和创伤特定的干预措施应成为再入服务的规范，包括男人,但是这些干预措施应该针对个人和环境因素。
