PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In May 2022, the world witnessed the re-emergence of the zoonotic disease monkeypox. While this was not the first epidemic of this disease, what differentiated the outbreak was the rapid global spread and increase of cases, which led the WHO to declare monkeypox a global health emergency. Although the disease spreads mainly through inadequately cooked meat of various rodent species, this virus also shows droplet, respiratory, sexual, and even vertical transmission. Monkeypox further multiplies in lymphoproliferative organs and presents with a classical smallpox-like rash, fever, headache, and muscle aches. Diagnosis is confirmed with a polymerase-chain-reaction test and is managed largely supportively with possible usage of some antivirals and immunoglobulins. Moreover, some pre-exposure and postexposure prophylactic vaccines have been developed. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth review of the historical epidemics, transmission, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of the monkeypox disease.
摘要：
2022年5月，世界见证了人畜共患疾病猴痘的重新出现。虽然这不是这种疾病的第一次流行，疫情的不同之处在于病例在全球的迅速蔓延和增加，这导致世界卫生组织宣布猴痘为全球卫生紧急情况。尽管该病主要通过各种啮齿动物的未煮熟的肉传播，这种病毒也显示出液滴，呼吸,性,甚至垂直传输。猴痘在淋巴增生器官中进一步繁殖，并表现为典型的天花样皮疹，发烧,头痛,和肌肉疼痛。诊断通过聚合酶链反应测试得到证实，并在很大程度上支持使用某些抗病毒药物和免疫球蛋白。此外，已经开发了一些暴露前和暴露后预防性疫苗。本文旨在对历史流行病进行深入的回顾,传输,病理生理学,临床表现,和猴痘疾病的管理。
