PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Identifying primary sources of fecal pollution is important for assessing public health risks and implementing effective remediation strategies. To date, one of the main molecular approaches for identifying sources of fecal pollution relies on detecting molecular markers within bacterial, viral, or mitochondrial nucleic acids, that are indicative of a particular host. With a primary focus on identifying fecal pollution originating from humans, the field of fecal source tracking often places less emphasis on livestock sources, frequently leaving the problem of wildlife fecal pollution unaddressed. In this review, we summarize 55 previously published and validated molecular assays and describe methods for the detection of molecular markers that are indicative of non-human hosts. They cover a range of 15 animal species/groups with a primary focus on domestic animals including cattle, pigs, dogs, and poultry. Among assays associated with wild animals, the majority are designed to detect bird feces, while the availability of assays for detecting feces of other wild animals is limited. Both domestic and wild animals can represent a zoonotic reservoir of human enteropathogens, emphasizing the importance of their role in public health. This review highlights the need to address the complexity of fecal contamination and to include a broader range of animal species into assay validation and marker identification.
摘要：
确定粪便污染的主要来源对于评估公共卫生风险和实施有效的修复策略非常重要。迄今为止,确定粪便污染源的主要分子方法之一依赖于检测细菌中的分子标记，病毒，或线粒体核酸，表示特定的宿主。以确定源自人类的粪便污染为主要重点，粪便源跟踪领域通常不太重视牲畜源，经常使野生动物粪便污染问题得不到解决。在这次审查中,我们总结了55以前发表和验证的分子检测方法，并描述了检测指示非人宿主的分子标志物的方法。它们涵盖了15种动物物种/群体，主要关注包括牛在内的家畜，猪,狗,和家禽。在与野生动物相关的检测中，大部分是用来检测鸟粪的,而检测其他野生动物粪便的检测方法的可用性有限。家畜和野生动物都可以代表人类肠病原体的人畜共患库，强调其在公共卫生中的作用的重要性。这篇综述强调了需要解决粪便污染的复杂性，并将更广泛的动物物种纳入测定验证和标记鉴定。
