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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Recent research has suggested that artemisinin and its derivatives may have therapeutic effects on parasites, viruses, tumors, inflammation and skin diseases. This study aimed to review clinical research on artemisinin and its derivatives except anti-malaria and explore possible priority areas for future development.
METHODS: Relevant articles in English and Chinese published before 28 October 2021 were reviewed. All articles were retrieved and obtained from databases including WanFang, PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge International, Embase, OpenGrey, the Grey Literature Report, Grey Horizon, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were selected for final inclusion based on predefined criteria. Information was then extracted and analyzed by region, disease, outcome, and time to identify relevant knowledge gaps.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven studies on anti-parasitic (35), anti-tumor (16), anti-inflammatory (12), anti-viral (8), and dermatological treatments (7) focused on the safety and efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives. The anti-parasitic clinical research developed rapidly, with a large number of trials, rapid clinical progress, and multiple research topics. In contrast, anti-viral research was limited and mainly stayed in phase I clinical trials (37.50%). Most of the studies were conducted in Asia (60%), followed by Africa (27%), Europe (8%), and the Americas (5%). Anti-parasite and anti-inflammatory research were mainly distributed in less developed continents such as Asia and Africa, while cutting-edge research such as anti-tumor has attracted more attention in Europe and the United States. At the safety level, 58 articles mentioned the adverse reactions of artemisinin and its derivatives, with only one study showing a Grade 3 adverse event, while the other studies did not show any related adverse reactions or required discontinuation. Most studies have discovered therapeutic effects of artemisinin or its derivatives on anti-parasitic (27), anti-tumor (9), anti-inflammatory (9) and dermatological treatment (6). However, the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for parasitic diseases (non-malaria) is still controversial.
CONCLUSIONS: Recent clinical studies suggest that artemisinin and its derivatives may be safe and effective candidates for anti-tumor, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory and dermatological drugs. More phase II/III clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivatives on antiviral effects are needed.
METHODS: Relevant articles in English and Chinese published before 28 October 2021 were reviewed. All articles were retrieved and obtained from databases including WanFang, PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge International, Embase, OpenGrey, the Grey Literature Report, Grey Horizon, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were selected for final inclusion based on predefined criteria. Information was then extracted and analyzed by region, disease, outcome, and time to identify relevant knowledge gaps.
RESULTS: Seventy-seven studies on anti-parasitic (35), anti-tumor (16), anti-inflammatory (12), anti-viral (8), and dermatological treatments (7) focused on the safety and efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives. The anti-parasitic clinical research developed rapidly, with a large number of trials, rapid clinical progress, and multiple research topics. In contrast, anti-viral research was limited and mainly stayed in phase I clinical trials (37.50%). Most of the studies were conducted in Asia (60%), followed by Africa (27%), Europe (8%), and the Americas (5%). Anti-parasite and anti-inflammatory research were mainly distributed in less developed continents such as Asia and Africa, while cutting-edge research such as anti-tumor has attracted more attention in Europe and the United States. At the safety level, 58 articles mentioned the adverse reactions of artemisinin and its derivatives, with only one study showing a Grade 3 adverse event, while the other studies did not show any related adverse reactions or required discontinuation. Most studies have discovered therapeutic effects of artemisinin or its derivatives on anti-parasitic (27), anti-tumor (9), anti-inflammatory (9) and dermatological treatment (6). However, the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for parasitic diseases (non-malaria) is still controversial.
CONCLUSIONS: Recent clinical studies suggest that artemisinin and its derivatives may be safe and effective candidates for anti-tumor, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory and dermatological drugs. More phase II/III clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivatives on antiviral effects are needed.
摘要：
背景：最近的研究表明，青蒿素及其衍生物可能对寄生虫具有治疗作用，病毒,肿瘤，炎症和皮肤病。本研究旨在对青蒿素及其衍生物的临床研究进行综述，并探索未来可能的优先领域。
方法：对2021年10月28日前发表的中英文相关文章进行综述。所有文章都是从包括万方在内的数据库中检索和获得的，PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane图书馆,中国国家知识国际,Embase,OpenGrey,灰色文献报告,灰色地平线,和ClinicalTrials.gov.根据预定义的标准选择最终纳入研究。然后按地区提取和分析信息，疾病,结果,以及确定相关知识差距的时间。
结果：关于抗寄生虫的77项研究（35），抗肿瘤（16），抗炎（12），抗病毒（8），和皮肤病治疗（7）侧重于青蒿素及其衍生物的安全性和有效性。抗寄生虫临床研究发展迅速,经过大量的试验，临床进展迅速，和多个研究课题。相比之下,抗病毒研究有限,主要停留在I期临床试验(37.50%).大多数研究是在亚洲进行的（60％），其次是非洲（27%），欧洲（8%）美洲（5%）。抗寄生虫和抗炎研究主要分布在亚洲和非洲等欠发达大陆，而抗肿瘤等前沿研究在欧美引起了更多的关注。在安全级别,58篇文章提到了青蒿素及其衍生物的不良反应，只有一项研究显示3级不良事件，而其他研究未显示任何相关不良反应或需要停药。大多数研究已经发现青蒿素或其衍生物的抗寄生虫的治疗作用（27），抗肿瘤（9），抗炎（9）和皮肤病治疗（6）。然而,以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法(ACTs)对寄生虫病(非疟疾)的疗效仍存在争议.
结论：最近的临床研究表明，青蒿素及其衍生物可能是安全有效的抗肿瘤药物，抗寄生虫，抗炎和皮肤药物。青蒿素及其衍生物的抗病毒作用需要更多的II/III期临床试验。
方法：对2021年10月28日前发表的中英文相关文章进行综述。所有文章都是从包括万方在内的数据库中检索和获得的，PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane图书馆,中国国家知识国际,Embase,OpenGrey,灰色文献报告,灰色地平线,和ClinicalTrials.gov.根据预定义的标准选择最终纳入研究。然后按地区提取和分析信息，疾病,结果,以及确定相关知识差距的时间。
结果：关于抗寄生虫的77项研究（35），抗肿瘤（16），抗炎（12），抗病毒（8），和皮肤病治疗（7）侧重于青蒿素及其衍生物的安全性和有效性。抗寄生虫临床研究发展迅速,经过大量的试验，临床进展迅速，和多个研究课题。相比之下,抗病毒研究有限,主要停留在I期临床试验(37.50%).大多数研究是在亚洲进行的（60％），其次是非洲（27%），欧洲（8%）美洲（5%）。抗寄生虫和抗炎研究主要分布在亚洲和非洲等欠发达大陆，而抗肿瘤等前沿研究在欧美引起了更多的关注。在安全级别,58篇文章提到了青蒿素及其衍生物的不良反应，只有一项研究显示3级不良事件，而其他研究未显示任何相关不良反应或需要停药。大多数研究已经发现青蒿素或其衍生物的抗寄生虫的治疗作用（27），抗肿瘤（9），抗炎（9）和皮肤病治疗（6）。然而,以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法(ACTs)对寄生虫病(非疟疾)的疗效仍存在争议.
结论：最近的临床研究表明，青蒿素及其衍生物可能是安全有效的抗肿瘤药物，抗寄生虫，抗炎和皮肤药物。青蒿素及其衍生物的抗病毒作用需要更多的II/III期临床试验。
