Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe nurse managers\' perceptions of interventions to support nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents and to describe the management of interventions and ways to improve them.
METHODS: A qualitative study using interviews.
METHODS: A purposive sample of nurse managers (n = 16) recruited from three hospital districts in Finland was interviewed in 2021. The data were analysed using elements of inductive and deductive content analysis.
RESULTS: The study identified three main categories: (1) Management of second victim support, which contained three sub-categories related to the nurse manager\'s role, support received by the nurse manager and challenges of support management; (2) interventions to support second victims included existing interventions and operating models; and (3) improving second victim support, based on the sub-categories developing practices and developing an open and non-blaming patient safety culture.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurse managers play a crucial role in supporting nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents and coordinating additional support. Operating models for managing interventions could facilitate nurse managers\' work and ensure adequate support for second victims. The support could be improved by increasing the awareness of the second victim phenomenon.
UNASSIGNED: Mitigating the harmful effects of patient safety incidents can improve nurses\' well-being, reduce burden and attrition risks and positively impact patient safety.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operation models would provide equal support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers\' work.
UNASSIGNED: COREQ checklist was used. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? Nurse managers\' role is significant in supporting the second victims and coordinating additional support. Awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operating models can secure adequate support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers\' work.
METHODS: A qualitative study using interviews.
METHODS: A purposive sample of nurse managers (n = 16) recruited from three hospital districts in Finland was interviewed in 2021. The data were analysed using elements of inductive and deductive content analysis.
RESULTS: The study identified three main categories: (1) Management of second victim support, which contained three sub-categories related to the nurse manager\'s role, support received by the nurse manager and challenges of support management; (2) interventions to support second victims included existing interventions and operating models; and (3) improving second victim support, based on the sub-categories developing practices and developing an open and non-blaming patient safety culture.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurse managers play a crucial role in supporting nurses as second victims of patient safety incidents and coordinating additional support. Operating models for managing interventions could facilitate nurse managers\' work and ensure adequate support for second victims. The support could be improved by increasing the awareness of the second victim phenomenon.
UNASSIGNED: Mitigating the harmful effects of patient safety incidents can improve nurses\' well-being, reduce burden and attrition risks and positively impact patient safety.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operation models would provide equal support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers\' work.
UNASSIGNED: COREQ checklist was used. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? Nurse managers\' role is significant in supporting the second victims and coordinating additional support. Awareness of the second victim phenomenon and coherent operating models can secure adequate support for the nurses and facilitate nurse managers\' work.
摘要：
目的：描述护士管理者对支持护士作为患者安全事件的第二受害者的干预措施的看法，并描述干预措施的管理和改进方法。
方法：采用访谈的定性研究。
方法：2021年采访了从芬兰三个医院区招募的护士经理（n=16）的目的样本。使用归纳和演绎内容分析的元素对数据进行了分析。
结果：该研究确定了三个主要类别：（1）第二受害者支持的管理，其中包含与护士经理角色相关的三个子类别，护士经理获得的支持和支持管理的挑战；（2）支持第二受害者的干预措施包括现有的干预措施和操作模式；（3）改善第二受害者的支持，基于子类别开发实践和开发开放和非指责的患者安全文化。
结论：护士管理者在支持护士成为患者安全事故的第二受害者和协调额外支持方面发挥着至关重要的作用。管理干预措施的操作模式可以促进护士管理人员的工作，并确保为第二名受害者提供足够的支持。可以通过提高对第二种受害者现象的认识来改善支持。
减轻患者安全事故的有害影响可以提高护士的幸福感，减少负担和减员风险，并积极影响患者安全。
结论：提高对第二受害者现象的认识和连贯的操作模式将为护士提供平等的支持，并促进护士管理者的工作。
■使用了COREQ核对表。本文对更广泛的全球临床社区有什么贡献？护士管理者在支持第二名受害者和协调额外支持方面的作用很重要。对第二受害者现象的认识和连贯的操作模式可以确保对护士的足够支持，并促进护士经理的工作。
方法：采用访谈的定性研究。
方法：2021年采访了从芬兰三个医院区招募的护士经理（n=16）的目的样本。使用归纳和演绎内容分析的元素对数据进行了分析。
结果：该研究确定了三个主要类别：（1）第二受害者支持的管理，其中包含与护士经理角色相关的三个子类别，护士经理获得的支持和支持管理的挑战；（2）支持第二受害者的干预措施包括现有的干预措施和操作模式；（3）改善第二受害者的支持，基于子类别开发实践和开发开放和非指责的患者安全文化。
结论：护士管理者在支持护士成为患者安全事故的第二受害者和协调额外支持方面发挥着至关重要的作用。管理干预措施的操作模式可以促进护士管理人员的工作，并确保为第二名受害者提供足够的支持。可以通过提高对第二种受害者现象的认识来改善支持。
减轻患者安全事故的有害影响可以提高护士的幸福感，减少负担和减员风险，并积极影响患者安全。
结论：提高对第二受害者现象的认识和连贯的操作模式将为护士提供平等的支持，并促进护士管理者的工作。
■使用了COREQ核对表。本文对更广泛的全球临床社区有什么贡献？护士管理者在支持第二名受害者和协调额外支持方面的作用很重要。对第二受害者现象的认识和连贯的操作模式可以确保对护士的足够支持，并促进护士经理的工作。
