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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The inclusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX) within a balanced general anaesthesia protocol is effective in improving the clinical outcome and recovery quality of anaesthesia in horses. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of DEX following repeated subcutaneous (SC) administration at 2 µg/kg every 60 min till the end of the procedure in comparison to intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) at 1 µg/kg/h in anaesthetized horses undergoing diagnostic procedures up to the end of the diagnostic procedure.
RESULTS: In the CRI and SC groups DEX maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 0.83 ± 0.27 ng/mL and 1.14 ± 0.71 ng/mL, respectively, reached at a time (Tmax) of 57.0 ± 13.4 min and 105.5 ± 29.9 min. Mean residence time to the last measurable concentration (MRTlast) was 11.7 ± 6.2 and 55.8 ± 19.7 min for the CRI group and SC groups, respectively. The apparent elimination half-life was 18.0 ± 10.0 min in the CRI group and 94.8 ± 69.8 min for the SC group, whereas the area under the curve (AUC0-last) resulted 67.7 ± 29.3 and 83.2 ± 60.5 min*ng/mL for CRI and SC group, respectively. Clearance was 16.26 ± 8.07 mL/min/kg for the CRI group. No signs of adverse effects were recorded in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic profile of DEX following repeated SC administration in anaesthetized horses was comparable to intravenous CRI administration during the intranaesthetic period and beneficial during the recovery phase from general anaesthesia. The SC route could be considered as an alternative to CRI for improving the recovery quality of equine patients undergoing general anaesthesia.
RESULTS: In the CRI and SC groups DEX maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 0.83 ± 0.27 ng/mL and 1.14 ± 0.71 ng/mL, respectively, reached at a time (Tmax) of 57.0 ± 13.4 min and 105.5 ± 29.9 min. Mean residence time to the last measurable concentration (MRTlast) was 11.7 ± 6.2 and 55.8 ± 19.7 min for the CRI group and SC groups, respectively. The apparent elimination half-life was 18.0 ± 10.0 min in the CRI group and 94.8 ± 69.8 min for the SC group, whereas the area under the curve (AUC0-last) resulted 67.7 ± 29.3 and 83.2 ± 60.5 min*ng/mL for CRI and SC group, respectively. Clearance was 16.26 ± 8.07 mL/min/kg for the CRI group. No signs of adverse effects were recorded in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic profile of DEX following repeated SC administration in anaesthetized horses was comparable to intravenous CRI administration during the intranaesthetic period and beneficial during the recovery phase from general anaesthesia. The SC route could be considered as an alternative to CRI for improving the recovery quality of equine patients undergoing general anaesthesia.
摘要：
背景：在平衡的全身麻醉方案中加入右美托咪定（DEX）可有效改善马的临床效果和麻醉恢复质量。这项研究旨在确定每60分钟以2µg/kg的剂量重复皮下（SC）给药后DEX的药代动力学特征，直到程序结束，与以1µg/kg/h的静脉内恒定速率输注（CRI）相比。在接受诊断程序直至诊断程序结束的麻醉马中。
结果：在CRI和SC组中，DEX最大浓度（Cmax）分别为0.83±0.27ng/mL和1.14±0.71ng/mL，分别,在时间（Tmax）为57.0±13.4min和105.5±29.9min时达到。对于CRI组和SC组，到最后可测量浓度（MRTlast）的平均停留时间分别为11.7±6.2和55.8±19.7分钟。分别。CRI组表观消除半衰期为18.0±10.0min,SC组为94.8±69.8min,而CRI和SC组的曲线下面积（AUC0-last）分别为67.7±29.3和83.2±60.5min*ng/mL，分别。CRI组清除率为16.26±8.07mL/min/kg。两组均无不良反应迹象。
结论：在麻醉马中重复SC给药后，DEX的药代动力学特征与麻醉期间的静脉CRI给药相当，并且在全身麻醉的恢复期有益。SC途径可以被认为是CRI的替代方案，以改善接受全身麻醉的马患者的恢复质量。
结果：在CRI和SC组中，DEX最大浓度（Cmax）分别为0.83±0.27ng/mL和1.14±0.71ng/mL，分别,在时间（Tmax）为57.0±13.4min和105.5±29.9min时达到。对于CRI组和SC组，到最后可测量浓度（MRTlast）的平均停留时间分别为11.7±6.2和55.8±19.7分钟。分别。CRI组表观消除半衰期为18.0±10.0min,SC组为94.8±69.8min,而CRI和SC组的曲线下面积（AUC0-last）分别为67.7±29.3和83.2±60.5min*ng/mL，分别。CRI组清除率为16.26±8.07mL/min/kg。两组均无不良反应迹象。
结论：在麻醉马中重复SC给药后，DEX的药代动力学特征与麻醉期间的静脉CRI给药相当，并且在全身麻醉的恢复期有益。SC途径可以被认为是CRI的替代方案，以改善接受全身麻醉的马患者的恢复质量。
