Abstract：
Endophytic fungi colonize interior plant tissue and mostly form mutualistic associations with their host plant. Plant-endophyte interaction is a complex mechanism and is currently a focus of research to understand the underlying mechanism of endophyte asymptomatic colonization, the process of evading plant immune response, modulation of gene expression, and establishment of a balanced mutualistic relationship. Fungal endophytes rely on plant hosts for nutrients, shelter, and transmission and improve the host plant\'s tolerance against biotic stresses, including -herbivores, nematodes, bacterial, fungal, viral, nematode, and other phytopathogens. Endophytic fungi have been reported to improve plant health by reducing and eradicating the harmful effect of phytopathogens through competition for space or nutrients, mycoparasitism, and through direct or indirect defense systems by producing secondary metabolites as well as by induced systemic resistance (ISR). Additionally, for efficient crop improvement, practicing them would be a fruitful step for a sustainable approach. This review article summarizes the current research progress in plant-endophyte interaction and the fungal endophyte mechanism to overcome host defense responses, their subsequent colonization, and the establishment of a balanced mutualistic interaction with host plants. This review also highlighted the potential of fungal endophytes in the amelioration of biotic stress. We have also discussed the relevance of various bioactive compounds possessing antimicrobial potential against a variety of agricultural pathogens. Furthermore, endophyte-mediated ISR is also emphasized.
摘要：
内生真菌定植在内部植物组织中，并与寄主植物形成相互联系。植物-内生菌相互作用是一个复杂的机制，是目前研究的重点，以了解内生菌无症状定植的潜在机制，逃避植物免疫反应的过程，基因表达的调节，建立平衡的互惠关系。真菌内生菌依靠植物宿主获取营养,庇护所,和传播，提高寄主植物对生物胁迫的耐受性，包括食草动物，线虫,细菌,真菌,病毒，线虫,和其他植物病原体。据报道，内生真菌通过竞争空间或营养来减少和消除植物病原体的有害影响，从而改善植物健康。霉菌病,并通过直接或间接防御系统产生次级代谢产物以及诱导的系统抗性（ISR）。此外,为了有效地改善作物，实践它们将是可持续方法的富有成果的一步。本文综述了植物与内生菌互作和内生菌克服宿主防御反应机制的研究进展。他们随后的殖民，以及与寄主植物建立平衡的互惠互动。这篇综述还强调了内生真菌在改善生物胁迫方面的潜力。我们还讨论了对各种农业病原体具有抗微生物潜力的各种生物活性化合物的相关性。此外，还强调了内生菌介导的ISR。
