Abstract：
Microplastic fibers from textiles have been known to significantly contribute to marine microplastic pollution. However, little is known about the microfiber formation and discharge during textile production. In this study, we have quantified microfiber emissions from one large and representative textile factory during different stages, spanning seven different materials, including cotton, polyester, and blended fabrics, to further guide control strategies. Wet-processing steps released up to 25 times more microfibers than home laundering, with dyeing contributing to 95.0% of the total emissions. Microfiber release could be reduced by using white coloring, a lower dyeing temperature, and a shorter dyeing duration. Thinner, denser yarns increased microfiber pollution, whereas using tightly twisted fibers mitigated release. Globally, wet textile processing potentially produced 6.4 kt of microfibers in 2020, with China, India, and the US as significant contributors. The study underlined the environmental impact of textile production and the need for mitigation strategies, particularly in dyeing processes and fiber choice. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the virgin polyesters and the used ones. Replacing virgin fibers with recycled fibers in polyester fabrics, due to their increasing consumption, might offer another potential solution. The findings highlighted the substantial impact of textile production on microfiber released into the environment, and optimization of material selection, knitting technologies, production processing, and recycled materials could be effective mitigation strategies.
摘要：
已知来自纺织品的微塑料纤维对海洋微塑料污染有显著贡献。然而,关于纺织品生产过程中微纤维的形成和排放知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们量化了一个大型和代表性纺织厂在不同阶段的超细纤维排放，跨越七种不同的材料，包括棉花,聚酯,和混纺织物，进一步指导控制策略。湿法加工步骤释放的微纤维比家庭洗涤多25倍，染色占总排放量的95.0%。使用白色着色可以减少超细纤维的释放，较低的染色温度，和较短的染色时间。更薄,更致密的纱线增加了超细纤维污染，而使用紧密扭曲的纤维减轻释放。全球范围内,到2020年，湿法纺织加工可能生产6.4kt的超细纤维，中国，印度,美国是重要的贡献者。该研究强调了纺织品生产对环境的影响以及缓解策略的必要性，特别是在染色过程和纤维的选择。此外,在原始聚酯和使用过的聚酯之间没有观察到显着差异。用聚酯织物中的再生纤维代替原始纤维，由于他们不断增加的消费，可能会提供另一种潜在的解决方案。调查结果强调了纺织品生产对释放到环境中的超细纤维的重大影响，和材料选择的优化，针织技术，生产加工,和再生材料可能是有效的缓解策略。
