Abstract：
Collective motion of organisms is a widespread phenomenon exhibited by many species, most commonly associated with colonial birds and schools of fish. The benefits of schooling behavior vary from defense against predators, increased feeding efficiency, and improved endurance. Schooling motions can be energetically beneficial as schools allow for channeling and vortex-based interactions, creating a less demanding stroke rate to sustain high swimming velocities and increased movement efficiency. Biomimetics is a fast-growing field, and there have been several attempts to quantify the hydrodynamics behind group dynamics and the subsequent benefits of increased maneuverability, which can be applied to unmanned vehicles and devices traveling in a group or swarm-like scenarios. Earlier efforts to understand these phenomena have been composed of physical experimentation and numerical simulations. This literature review examines the existing studies performed to understand the hydrodynamics of group collective motion inspired by schooling habits. Both numerical simulation and physical experimentation are discussed, and the benefits and drawbacks of the two approaches are compared to help future researchers and engineers expand on these models and concepts. This paper also identifies some of the limitations associated with different approaches to studies on fish schooling and suggests potential directions for future work.
摘要：
生物体的集体运动是许多物种表现出的普遍现象，最常见的与殖民地鸟类和鱼群有关。学校教育行为的好处不同于防御捕食者，提高了饲喂效率，和提高耐力。学校允许引导和基于涡旋的互动，创造一个要求较低的中风率，以维持高游泳速度和提高运动效率。仿生是一个快速发展的领域，并且已经进行了几次尝试来量化组动力学背后的流体动力学以及随后增加的可操作性的好处，它可以应用于在群组或类似群体的场景中行驶的无人驾驶车辆和设备。早期理解这些现象的努力是由物理实验和数值模拟组成的。这篇文献综述研究了现有的研究，以了解受学校教育习惯启发的团体集体运动的流体动力学。对数值模拟和物理实验进行了讨论，并比较了这两种方法的优缺点，以帮助未来的研究人员和工程师扩展这些模型和概念。本文还确定了与鱼类教育研究不同方法相关的一些局限性，并提出了未来工作的潜在方向。
