Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The accurate detection of glucose and cholesterol plays a pivotal role in disease diagnosis and home care. To this end, biochemical analyzers have become extensively utilized tools for measuring disease biomarkers. Nonetheless, their poor portability and high cost have restricted their accessibility, limiting their use to laboratory settings and hindering the adoption of point-of-care testing (POCT). In contrast, the emergence of portable and affordable paper-based testing platform has revolutionized diagnostic testing by providing distance signals, enhancing intuitiveness and visual accessibility. Consequently, these platforms have become increasingly suitable for POCT.
RESULTS: We have developed a POCT platform that integrated AuNS@Ag, stimulus-responsive hydrogel and test strips, enabling visual distance reading of glucose. The silver-coated AuNS and enzyme were encapsulated within a temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide (NIPAM-AcAm) hydrogel to act as target recognition and reaction units respectively. Glucose can diffuse freely within the hydrogel porous matrix, thereby instigating enzyme-catalyzed reaction that induce alterations in the photothermal effect of the system. This dynamic process ensures efficient and responsive modulation of the system\'s photothermal properties. By ingeniously capturing distance signals induced by the photothermal effect-mediated water release the visualization and quantification of target substances are achieved, with a linear range spanning from 0 to 30 mM. The consistency between distance-based POCT platform and commercial blood glucose meter demonstrates that the platform provides a portable, affordable and reliable method for visual reading biomarkers.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed strategy enables direct, visual quantitative analysis of the target without the need for additional analytical instruments. Particularly, this method holds significant promise as an efficient platform for cholesterol and other disease markers measurement.
RESULTS: We have developed a POCT platform that integrated AuNS@Ag, stimulus-responsive hydrogel and test strips, enabling visual distance reading of glucose. The silver-coated AuNS and enzyme were encapsulated within a temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide (NIPAM-AcAm) hydrogel to act as target recognition and reaction units respectively. Glucose can diffuse freely within the hydrogel porous matrix, thereby instigating enzyme-catalyzed reaction that induce alterations in the photothermal effect of the system. This dynamic process ensures efficient and responsive modulation of the system\'s photothermal properties. By ingeniously capturing distance signals induced by the photothermal effect-mediated water release the visualization and quantification of target substances are achieved, with a linear range spanning from 0 to 30 mM. The consistency between distance-based POCT platform and commercial blood glucose meter demonstrates that the platform provides a portable, affordable and reliable method for visual reading biomarkers.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed strategy enables direct, visual quantitative analysis of the target without the need for additional analytical instruments. Particularly, this method holds significant promise as an efficient platform for cholesterol and other disease markers measurement.
摘要：
背景：葡萄糖和胆固醇的准确检测在疾病诊断和家庭护理中起着关键作用。为此,生化分析仪已成为广泛用于测量疾病生物标志物的工具。尽管如此，它们的便携性差和高成本限制了它们的可访问性，将它们的使用限制在实验室环境中，并阻碍了即时检测(POCT)的采用。相比之下,便携式和负担得起的纸质测试平台的出现通过提供距离信号彻底改变了诊断测试，增强直观性和视觉可达性。因此,这些平台越来越适合POCT。
结果：我们开发了一个POCT平台，该平台集成了AuNS@Ag，刺激响应水凝胶和试纸，使葡萄糖的视觉距离读取。将银涂覆的AuNS和酶封装在温度响应性N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酰胺（NIPAM-AcAm）水凝胶中，分别用作目标识别和反应单元。葡萄糖可以在水凝胶多孔基质中自由扩散，从而引发酶催化的反应，从而引起系统光热效应的改变。该动态过程确保系统的光热特性的有效和响应调制。通过巧妙地捕获由光热效应介导的水释放引起的距离信号，实现了目标物质的可视化和定量。线性范围从0到30mM。基于距离的POCT平台与商用血糖仪的一致性表明，该平台提供了一种便携式、经济实惠和可靠的方法视觉读取生物标志物。
结论：提出的策略可以直接，目标的可视化定量分析，而不需要额外的分析仪器。特别是,该方法作为胆固醇和其他疾病标志物测量的有效平台具有重要前景.
结果：我们开发了一个POCT平台，该平台集成了AuNS@Ag，刺激响应水凝胶和试纸，使葡萄糖的视觉距离读取。将银涂覆的AuNS和酶封装在温度响应性N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-丙烯酰胺（NIPAM-AcAm）水凝胶中，分别用作目标识别和反应单元。葡萄糖可以在水凝胶多孔基质中自由扩散，从而引发酶催化的反应，从而引起系统光热效应的改变。该动态过程确保系统的光热特性的有效和响应调制。通过巧妙地捕获由光热效应介导的水释放引起的距离信号，实现了目标物质的可视化和定量。线性范围从0到30mM。基于距离的POCT平台与商用血糖仪的一致性表明，该平台提供了一种便携式、经济实惠和可靠的方法视觉读取生物标志物。
结论：提出的策略可以直接，目标的可视化定量分析，而不需要额外的分析仪器。特别是,该方法作为胆固醇和其他疾病标志物测量的有效平台具有重要前景.
