PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Facial hyperpigmented lesions that are unilateral are a rare and challenging dermatological anomaly since birth which can be genetic and non-genetic. This paper seeks to provide an exhaustive overview of the etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies for these congenital lesions. Unilateral facial hyperpigmented lesions can be caused by a number of conditions, such as congenital melanocytic nevi, Becker\'s nevus, nevus of Ota, linear epidermal nevi, and café-au-lait macules. Accurate diagnosis requires meticulous examination, dermoscopy, and histopathological evaluation. Observation, topical therapies, surgical excision, and laser therapy are among the available treatment options. Treatment decisions should be influenced by factors such as lesion characteristics, aesthetic concerns, and patient preferences. Long-term supervision and psychosocial support are indispensable elements of comprehensive management. We present a case of a 12-year-old patient with a progressively growing hyperpigmented lesion on the right side of the face, present since birth with an intermittent area of normal skin in between. Dermoscopy unveiled an irregular, dark brown pigment network, and histopathological evaluation showed an increased number of melanocytes in the dermis. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of such lesions and underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate evaluation and management. This paper aims to cover existing knowledge gaps regarding unilateral facial hyperpigmented lesions since birth and direct future research efforts for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
摘要：
自出生以来，单侧的面部色素沉着过度病变是一种罕见且具有挑战性的皮肤病学异常，可能是遗传和非遗传的。本文旨在提供病因的详尽概述，临床表现,鉴别诊断,以及这些先天性病变的管理策略。单侧面部色素沉着过度病变可由多种情况引起，如先天性黑素细胞痣，贝克尔的痣,太田痣,线形表皮痣，和咖啡-au-lait黄斑。准确的诊断需要细致的检查，皮肤镜,和组织病理学评估。观察,局部治疗,手术切除,和激光治疗是可用的治疗选择之一。治疗决定应受到病变特征等因素的影响，美学问题，和患者偏好。长期监督和社会心理支持是综合治理不可或缺的要素。我们介绍了一个12岁的患者，其面部右侧的色素沉着病变逐渐增加，自出生以来就存在一个间歇性的正常皮肤区域。皮肤镜检查揭示了一个不规则的，深棕色颜料网络，组织病理学评估显示真皮中黑素细胞数量增加。此案例突出了此类病变的诊断挑战，并强调了多学科方法对准确评估和管理的重要性。本文旨在涵盖自出生以来有关单侧面部色素沉着过度病变的现有知识空白，并指导未来的诊断和治疗干预研究工作。
