Abstract：
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Since colorectal cancer takes time to develop, its incidence and mortality can be treated effectively if it is detected in its early stages. As a result, non-invasive or invasive biomarkers play an essential role in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Many experimental studies have been carried out to assess genetic, epigenetic, or protein markers in feces, serum, and tissue. It may be possible to find biomarkers that will help with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer by identifying the genes, RNAs, and/or proteins indicative of cancer growth. Recent advancements in the molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, DNA methylation, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and their involvement in colorectal cancer have led to the discovery of novel biomarkers. In small-scale investigations, most biomarkers appear promising. However, large-scale clinical trials are required to validate their effectiveness before routine clinical implementation. Hence, this review focuses on small-scale investigations and results of big data analysis that may provide an overview of the biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
摘要：
结直肠癌是全球最常见的癌症类型之一。由于结直肠癌的发展需要时间，如果在早期发现，可以有效治疗其发病率和死亡率。因此,非侵入性或侵入性生物标志物在结直肠癌的早期诊断中起着至关重要的作用。已经进行了许多实验研究来评估遗传，表观遗传,或者粪便中的蛋白质标记，血清,和组织。它可能是可能的，找到生物标志物，将有助于诊断结直肠癌的基因，RNA,和/或指示癌症生长的蛋白质。结直肠癌分子亚型的最新进展，DNA甲基化，microRNAs,长链非编码RNA，外泌体,以及它们在结直肠癌中的参与导致了许多新的结直肠癌生物标志物的发现。在小规模调查中，大多数生物标志物似乎很有希望。然而,在常规临床实施之前，需要进行大规模临床试验以验证其有效性。因此，这篇综述的重点是小规模调查和大数据分析的结果，这可能会提供诊断的生物标志物的概述，治疗,结直肠癌的预后。
