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Abstract：
The intricate relationship between hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a global challenge for prevention of hypertension-related CKD. This study\'s objective is to analyze age, gender, regional disparities, and evolving trends in the disease burden of hypertension-related CKD. We aim to estimate changing spatial and temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates, considering the socio-demographic index (SDI), to inform health strategies effectively.
Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and death rates (ASDR) were collected from the GBD 2019. Trend analysis was conducted by Joinpoint regression of ASRs from 1990 to 2019. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to obtain spatial patterns. The association between SDI and burden of CKD due to hypertension was estimated using a Pearson correlation analysis.
The global ASIR and ASDR due to hypertension-related CKD were 19.45 (95% CI, 17.85 to 21.09) and 5.88 (95% CI, 4.95 to 6.82) per 100 K population in 2019, representing increases of 17.89% and 13.29% compared to 1990, respectively. The elderly population and males were found the highest ASIR and ASDR. The high SDI region had the highest ASIRs, while low SDI regions experienced the highest ASDRs. Joinpoint regression found both global ASIR and ASDR showed increasing trends, with the highest increases observed in middle- and high-SDI regions, respectively. The SDI exhibited a positive association with ASIRs but displayed an inverse V-shaped correlation with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASIRs. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revel significant positive spatial autocorrelation for the AAPC of ASDRs and ASIRs, from 1990 to 2019.
Results met the objectives, and demonstrated a rising global burden of hypertension-related CKD. Factors such as aging, gender, and regional variations should be considered when designing control measures and developing healthcare systems to effectively address the burden of this complex condition.
Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and death rates (ASDR) were collected from the GBD 2019. Trend analysis was conducted by Joinpoint regression of ASRs from 1990 to 2019. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to obtain spatial patterns. The association between SDI and burden of CKD due to hypertension was estimated using a Pearson correlation analysis.
The global ASIR and ASDR due to hypertension-related CKD were 19.45 (95% CI, 17.85 to 21.09) and 5.88 (95% CI, 4.95 to 6.82) per 100 K population in 2019, representing increases of 17.89% and 13.29% compared to 1990, respectively. The elderly population and males were found the highest ASIR and ASDR. The high SDI region had the highest ASIRs, while low SDI regions experienced the highest ASDRs. Joinpoint regression found both global ASIR and ASDR showed increasing trends, with the highest increases observed in middle- and high-SDI regions, respectively. The SDI exhibited a positive association with ASIRs but displayed an inverse V-shaped correlation with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASIRs. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revel significant positive spatial autocorrelation for the AAPC of ASDRs and ASIRs, from 1990 to 2019.
Results met the objectives, and demonstrated a rising global burden of hypertension-related CKD. Factors such as aging, gender, and regional variations should be considered when designing control measures and developing healthcare systems to effectively address the burden of this complex condition.
摘要：
背景：高血压与慢性肾脏病（CKD）之间的复杂关系对预防高血压相关CKD提出了全球性挑战。本研究的目的是分析年龄，性别,地区差异，高血压相关CKD疾病负担的演变趋势。我们的目标是估计发病率和死亡率的时空变化趋势，考虑到社会人口指数(SDI)，有效地制定卫生战略。
方法：年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和死亡率（ASDR）来自GBD2019。趋势分析采用Joinpoint回归对1990年至2019年的ASR进行。进行空间自相关分析以获得空间模式。使用Pearson相关性分析估计SDI与高血压引起的CKD负担之间的关联。
结果：由于高血压相关CKD导致的全球ASIR和ASDR分别为19.45（95％CI，17.85至21.09）和5.88（95％CI，4.95至6.82）。2019年，与1990年相比分别增加了17.89％和13.29％。老年人群和男性ASIR和ASDR最高。高SDI地区的ASIR最高，而低SDI地区经历了最高的ASDR。Joinpoint回归发现，全球ASIR和ASDR均呈增长趋势，在中高SDI地区观察到最高的增长，分别。SDI与ASIR呈正相关，但与ASIR的年平均百分比变化（AAPC）呈V型负相关。空间自相关分析为ASDR和ASIR的AAPC提供了显着的正空间自相关，从1990年到2019年。
结论：结果达到了目标，并证明高血压相关CKD的全球负担不断上升。老化等因素，性别,在设计控制措施和开发医疗保健系统时，应考虑区域差异，以有效解决这一复杂状况的负担。
方法：年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）和死亡率（ASDR）来自GBD2019。趋势分析采用Joinpoint回归对1990年至2019年的ASR进行。进行空间自相关分析以获得空间模式。使用Pearson相关性分析估计SDI与高血压引起的CKD负担之间的关联。
结果：由于高血压相关CKD导致的全球ASIR和ASDR分别为19.45（95％CI，17.85至21.09）和5.88（95％CI，4.95至6.82）。2019年，与1990年相比分别增加了17.89％和13.29％。老年人群和男性ASIR和ASDR最高。高SDI地区的ASIR最高，而低SDI地区经历了最高的ASDR。Joinpoint回归发现，全球ASIR和ASDR均呈增长趋势，在中高SDI地区观察到最高的增长，分别。SDI与ASIR呈正相关，但与ASIR的年平均百分比变化（AAPC）呈V型负相关。空间自相关分析为ASDR和ASIR的AAPC提供了显着的正空间自相关，从1990年到2019年。
结论：结果达到了目标，并证明高血压相关CKD的全球负担不断上升。老化等因素，性别,在设计控制措施和开发医疗保健系统时，应考虑区域差异，以有效解决这一复杂状况的负担。
