Abstract:
A cutaneous horn, referred to as a cornu cutaneum in Latin, presents as a mound of keratinizing epithelium. The etiology of the cutaneous horn is associated with the lesion at its base. In addition to numerous benign and malignant neoplasms, cutaneous horns may be related to infections and skin conditions. The features of a 22-year-old woman with a cutaneous horn associated with a recalcitrant verruca vulgaris on her left fifth toe are described. In addition, the characteristics of a 57-year-old man with an inverted follicular keratosis-related cutaneous horn on his upper lip are reported. In order of decreasing frequency, a cutaneous horn is most associated with either an actinic keratosis (25%), a squamous cell carcinoma (19%), a seborrheic keratosis (19%-20%), or a verruca vulgaris (18%). Adnexal neoplasms, epithelial lesions, fibrous lesions, granular cell tumors, hamartomas, histiocytic lesions, melanocytic nevus, premalignant keratoses, a subungual lesion, and vascular lesions comprise the benign neoplasms that have been observed at the base of a cutaneous horn. Dermatologic conditions that have been associated with a cutaneous horn include discoid lupus erythematosus (three patients) and one patient with either palmoplantar keratoderma, psoriasis, or sarcoidosis. Human papillomavirus infection presenting as a verruca vulgaris is the most commonly associated infection; pox virus-related molluscum contagiosum is another viral infection that is less often observed associated with a cutaneous horn. Leishmaniasis, rhinosporidiosis, and cutaneous tuberculosis are rare cutaneous horn-related infections. A malignant tumor-associated cutaneous horn is most frequently caused by squamous cell carcinoma; other less common cancers include basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. A cancer-related cutaneous horn has only been described in two patients with Kaposi sarcoma and one patient with either Merkel cell carcinoma or Paget disease of the breast or metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In summary, a cutaneous horn is potentially related to a tumor, an infection, or a skin disorder; an adequate evaluation of the base of the cutaneous horn is usually required to establish the associated diagnosis.
摘要:
一个皮肤角,在拉丁语中被称为角果,呈现为角质化上皮的丘状。皮角的病因与其基部的病变有关。除了许多良性和恶性肿瘤,皮肤角可能与感染和皮肤状况有关。描述了一名22岁妇女的特征,该妇女的皮肤角与左第五脚趾上的顽固疣有关。此外,据报道,一名57岁男子的上唇有一个倒置的毛囊角化相关的皮肤角。按照频率递减的顺序,皮肤角与光化性角化病最相关(25%),鳞状细胞癌(19%),脂溢性角化病(19%-20%),或寻常疣(18%)。附件肿瘤,上皮病变,纤维性病变,颗粒细胞瘤,错构瘤,组织细胞病变,黑素细胞痣,癌前角化病,甲下病变,血管病变包括在皮肤角底部观察到的良性肿瘤。与皮角相关的皮肤病包括盘状红斑狼疮(3例)和1例掌底角化病,牛皮癣,或结节病。以寻常疣表现的人乳头瘤病毒感染是最常见的相关感染;与痘病毒相关的传染性软疣是另一种病毒感染,与皮肤角相关的病毒感染较少。利什曼病,鼻孢子虫病,和皮肤结核是罕见的皮肤角相关感染。恶性肿瘤相关的皮角最常见的是由鳞状细胞癌引起;其他不太常见的癌症包括基底细胞癌,皮脂腺癌,疣状癌,还有恶性黑色素瘤.仅在两名卡波西肉瘤患者和一名乳腺癌或转移性肾细胞癌的默克尔细胞癌或佩吉特病患者中描述了与癌症相关的皮肤角。总之,皮肤角可能与肿瘤有关,感染,或皮肤疾病;通常需要对皮肤角的底部进行充分的评估以建立相关的诊断。