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Abstract：
Background: With the release of the text revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5-TR), criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) were included. This necessitates studying grief trajectories based on these criteria.Objective: This is the first study examining latent trajectories of DSM-5-TR-based PGD symptom levels and testing whether specific risk factors (e.g. cause of death) predicted PGD trajectories.Method: We evaluated latent DSM-5-TR PGD trajectories using pooled existing data collected at 6-12, 13-24, and 25-60 months post-loss in Danish and Dutch bereaved adults (N = 398). Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) was employed to determine the trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine which risk factors predicted class membership.Results: The four-class LGMM solution with a quadratic term was best-fitting the data. This solution represented four trajectories: High stable PGD (6%), High PGD quick recovery (10%), High PGD slow recovery (35%), and Low PGD symptoms (49%). Participants with a higher educational level were more likely to be assigned to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory compared to High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories. Unnatural causes of death increased the likelihood of being in the High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories compared to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory.Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, the Low PGD symptoms trajectory was the most common. A significant minority experienced high and stable levels of PGD within five years after the loss. About one-third of participants experienced high acute grief levels that decreased slowly; how slow decreasing symptoms relate to an individual\'s functioning requires further attention. This study demonstrates that a significant minority of bereaved people develop acute PGD symptomatology that does not diminish within five years post-loss, emphasizing the need for early screening for PGD to prevent long-lasting complaints.
This is the first latent trajectory study based on DSM-5-TR Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) criteria. Data were analysed using latent growth mixture modelling.Stable high (6%), quick recovery (10%), slow recovery (35%), low symptoms (49%) PGD trajectories arose.Early screening and treatment of PGD seems warranted.
This is the first latent trajectory study based on DSM-5-TR Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) criteria. Data were analysed using latent growth mixture modelling.Stable high (6%), quick recovery (10%), slow recovery (35%), low symptoms (49%) PGD trajectories arose.Early screening and treatment of PGD seems warranted.
摘要：
背景：随着《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》文本修订版的发布，第5版（DSM-5-TR），纳入了长期悲伤障碍（PGD）的标准。这就需要根据这些标准研究悲伤轨迹。目的：这是第一个研究基于DSM-5-TR的PGD症状水平的潜在轨迹，并测试特定的危险因素（例如死亡原因）是否预测PGD轨迹。方法：我们使用在丹麦和荷兰失去亲人的成年人（N=398）中丢失后6-12、13-24和25-60个月收集的汇总现有数据评估了潜在的DSM-5-TRPGD轨迹。采用潜在生长混合模型(LGMM)来确定轨迹。使用多项逻辑回归分析来检查哪些风险因素可以预测类别成员。结果：具有二次项的四类LGMM解决方案是数据的最佳拟合。这个解决方案代表了四个轨迹：高稳定PGD(6%)，高PGD快速恢复（10%），高PGD慢回收率（35%），和低PGD症状（49％）。与高稳定PGD和高PGD缓慢恢复轨迹相比，受教育程度较高的参与者更有可能被分配到低PGD症状轨迹。与低PGD症状轨迹相比，非自然死亡原因增加了处于高稳定PGD和高PGD缓慢恢复轨迹的可能性。结论：与先前的研究一致，低PGD症状轨迹是最常见的.少数人在损失后的五年内经历了高水平和稳定的PGD。大约三分之一的参与者经历了缓慢下降的高急性悲伤水平；缓慢下降的症状与个体的功能有关，需要进一步关注。这项研究表明，少数失去亲人的人发展为急性PGD症状，在损失后五年内不会减少，强调需要对PGD进行早期筛查，以防止长期投诉。
这是第一个基于DSM-5-TR长期悲伤障碍（PGD）标准的潜在轨迹研究。使用潜在生长混合物模型分析数据。稳定高（6%），快速恢复(10%)，恢复缓慢（35%），出现低症状（49%）PGD轨迹。PGD的早期筛查和治疗似乎是有必要的。
这是第一个基于DSM-5-TR长期悲伤障碍（PGD）标准的潜在轨迹研究。使用潜在生长混合物模型分析数据。稳定高（6%），快速恢复(10%)，恢复缓慢（35%），出现低症状（49%）PGD轨迹。PGD的早期筛查和治疗似乎是有必要的。
