Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract with a remarkable impact on patients\' quality of life. Toll-like receptors (TLR), as a key contributor of immune system in inflammation, has a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBD and thus, can be a suitable target of therapeutic agents. Medicinal plants have long been considered as a source of bioactive agents for different diseases, including IBD.
OBJECTIVE: This review discusses current state of the art on the role of plant-derived compounds for the management of IBD with a focus on TLRs.
METHODS: Electronic database including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2023 and all studies in which anticolitis effects of a phytochemical was assessed via modulation of TLRs were considered.
RESULTS: Different categories of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, terpenes, saccharides, and saponins have demonstrated modulatory effects on TLR in different animal and cell models of bowel inflammation. Flavonoids were the most studied phytochemicals amongst others. Also, TLR4 was the most important type of TLRs which were modulated by phytochemicals. Other mechanisms such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB pathway, nitric oxide synthesis pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, lipid peroxidation, as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms were also reported for phytochemicals in various IBD models.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, a growing body of pre-clinical evidence support the efficacy of herbal compounds for the treatment of IBD via modulation of TLRs. Future clinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in human.
OBJECTIVE: This review discusses current state of the art on the role of plant-derived compounds for the management of IBD with a focus on TLRs.
METHODS: Electronic database including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to January 2023 and all studies in which anticolitis effects of a phytochemical was assessed via modulation of TLRs were considered.
RESULTS: Different categories of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, terpenes, saccharides, and saponins have demonstrated modulatory effects on TLR in different animal and cell models of bowel inflammation. Flavonoids were the most studied phytochemicals amongst others. Also, TLR4 was the most important type of TLRs which were modulated by phytochemicals. Other mechanisms such as inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB pathway, nitric oxide synthesis pathway, cyclooxygenase-2, lipid peroxidation, as well as induction of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms were also reported for phytochemicals in various IBD models.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, a growing body of pre-clinical evidence support the efficacy of herbal compounds for the treatment of IBD via modulation of TLRs. Future clinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in human.
摘要：
背景：炎症性肠病（IBD）是胃肠道内的慢性炎症，对患者的生活质量有显著影响。Toll样受体(TLR),作为炎症中免疫系统的关键贡献者，在IBD的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，可以是治疗剂的合适靶标。长期以来，药用植物一直被认为是治疗不同疾病的生物活性剂的来源，包括IBD。
目的：这篇综述讨论了植物衍生化合物在IBD管理中的作用的最新技术，重点是TLRs。
方法：电子数据库，包括PubMed，WebofScience,直到2023年1月，对Scopus进行了搜索，并考虑了所有通过调节TLRs评估植物化学物质的抗结肠炎作用的研究。
结果：不同类别的植物化学物质，包括类黄酮,木脂素,生物碱，萜烯,糖类，在不同的动物和细胞模型的肠道炎症中，皂苷和皂苷已证明对TLR的调节作用。黄酮类化合物是研究最多的植物化学物质。此外，TLR4是受植物化学物质调控的最重要的TLRs类型。其他机制，如抑制促炎细胞因子，核因子-κB通路,一氧化氮合成途径，环氧合酶-2，脂质过氧化，在各种IBD模型中，还报道了植物化学物质以及内源性抗氧化剂防御机制的诱导。
结论：综合来看，越来越多的临床前证据支持草药化合物通过调节TLR治疗IBD的功效。建议未来的临床研究来评估这些化合物在人体中的安全性和有效性。
目的：这篇综述讨论了植物衍生化合物在IBD管理中的作用的最新技术，重点是TLRs。
方法：电子数据库，包括PubMed，WebofScience,直到2023年1月，对Scopus进行了搜索，并考虑了所有通过调节TLRs评估植物化学物质的抗结肠炎作用的研究。
结果：不同类别的植物化学物质，包括类黄酮,木脂素,生物碱，萜烯,糖类，在不同的动物和细胞模型的肠道炎症中，皂苷和皂苷已证明对TLR的调节作用。黄酮类化合物是研究最多的植物化学物质。此外，TLR4是受植物化学物质调控的最重要的TLRs类型。其他机制，如抑制促炎细胞因子，核因子-κB通路,一氧化氮合成途径，环氧合酶-2，脂质过氧化，在各种IBD模型中，还报道了植物化学物质以及内源性抗氧化剂防御机制的诱导。
结论：综合来看，越来越多的临床前证据支持草药化合物通过调节TLR治疗IBD的功效。建议未来的临床研究来评估这些化合物在人体中的安全性和有效性。
