Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to morphologically and histologically examine whether pig is useful as models for rotator cuff tear (RCT).
METHODS: The morphology of the scapula and humerus bones was evaluated by taking X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans of the right shoulders of five female pigs (age: 4 months). The rotator cuff (RC) footprint at the humeral insertion of these was observed and its shape was measured. Next, they underwent general anesthesia and an acute rotator cuff tear/rotator cuff repair (RCT/RCR) model was created using a deltoid split approach. Four weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized, the shoulder joints were harvested, and the repaired RC was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and toluidine blue staining.
RESULTS: The scapula of the pig had a vestigial acromion, in contrast to that in humans. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were connected so as to overlap each other and attached to the postero-superior part of the greater tuberosity. These tendons were located extra-articularly, separate from the joint capsule. The average antero-posterior length of the foot print was 17.4 ± 0.7 mm on the medial margin and 19.1 ± 2.2 mm on the lateral margin. The maximum medial-to-lateral width of it was 5.1 ± 0.5 mm. In all RCT/RCR models at 4 weeks after surgery, the repaired RC compound tendon was visually confirmed to be continuous with the footprint. Histologically, it was confirmed that regeneration of the four-layer structure of the bone-tendon junction had occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Porcine supraspinatus and infraspinatus attachment to the greater tuberosity have a structure similar to that of sheep and dogs, which is advantageous for creating the RCT/RCR model. It might be used for future in vivo studies of shoulder joint diseases.
UNASSIGNED: Pigs could potentially serve as a viable model for rotator cuff tears.
METHODS: The morphology of the scapula and humerus bones was evaluated by taking X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans of the right shoulders of five female pigs (age: 4 months). The rotator cuff (RC) footprint at the humeral insertion of these was observed and its shape was measured. Next, they underwent general anesthesia and an acute rotator cuff tear/rotator cuff repair (RCT/RCR) model was created using a deltoid split approach. Four weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized, the shoulder joints were harvested, and the repaired RC was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and toluidine blue staining.
RESULTS: The scapula of the pig had a vestigial acromion, in contrast to that in humans. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were connected so as to overlap each other and attached to the postero-superior part of the greater tuberosity. These tendons were located extra-articularly, separate from the joint capsule. The average antero-posterior length of the foot print was 17.4 ± 0.7 mm on the medial margin and 19.1 ± 2.2 mm on the lateral margin. The maximum medial-to-lateral width of it was 5.1 ± 0.5 mm. In all RCT/RCR models at 4 weeks after surgery, the repaired RC compound tendon was visually confirmed to be continuous with the footprint. Histologically, it was confirmed that regeneration of the four-layer structure of the bone-tendon junction had occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Porcine supraspinatus and infraspinatus attachment to the greater tuberosity have a structure similar to that of sheep and dogs, which is advantageous for creating the RCT/RCR model. It might be used for future in vivo studies of shoulder joint diseases.
UNASSIGNED: Pigs could potentially serve as a viable model for rotator cuff tears.
摘要：
背景：这项研究旨在从形态学和组织学上检查猪是否可用作肩袖撕裂（RCT）的模型。
方法：通过对五只母猪（4月龄）的右肩进行X射线和三维计算机断层扫描（3DCT）扫描，评估了肩胛骨和肱骨的形态。观察肱骨插入时的肩袖（RC）足迹，并测量其形状。接下来,他们接受了全身麻醉,采用三角肌分裂入路建立了急性肩袖撕裂/肩袖修复(RCT/RCR)模型.手术四周后,动物被安乐死，收获了肩关节，并通过苏木精和伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色评估修复的RC。
结果：猪的肩胛骨有一个残留的肩峰，与人类相反。冈上肌腱和冈下肌腱相连，彼此重叠，并附着在大结节的后上部分。这些肌腱位于关节外，与关节囊分开。足迹的平均前后长度在内侧边缘为17.4±0.7mm，在外侧边缘为19.1±2.2mm。它的最大内侧到外侧宽度为5.1±0.5mm。在手术后4周的所有RCT/RCR模型中，目视确认修复的RC复合肌腱与足印是连续的。组织学上,证实骨-肌腱连接处的四层结构已经再生。
结论：猪冈上和冈下对大结节的附着结构与绵羊和狗相似，这对于创建RCT/RCR模型是有利的。它可能用于未来肩关节疾病的体内研究。
■猪有可能成为肩袖撕裂的可行模型。
方法：通过对五只母猪（4月龄）的右肩进行X射线和三维计算机断层扫描（3DCT）扫描，评估了肩胛骨和肱骨的形态。观察肱骨插入时的肩袖（RC）足迹，并测量其形状。接下来,他们接受了全身麻醉,采用三角肌分裂入路建立了急性肩袖撕裂/肩袖修复(RCT/RCR)模型.手术四周后,动物被安乐死，收获了肩关节，并通过苏木精和伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色评估修复的RC。
结果：猪的肩胛骨有一个残留的肩峰，与人类相反。冈上肌腱和冈下肌腱相连，彼此重叠，并附着在大结节的后上部分。这些肌腱位于关节外，与关节囊分开。足迹的平均前后长度在内侧边缘为17.4±0.7mm，在外侧边缘为19.1±2.2mm。它的最大内侧到外侧宽度为5.1±0.5mm。在手术后4周的所有RCT/RCR模型中，目视确认修复的RC复合肌腱与足印是连续的。组织学上,证实骨-肌腱连接处的四层结构已经再生。
结论：猪冈上和冈下对大结节的附着结构与绵羊和狗相似，这对于创建RCT/RCR模型是有利的。它可能用于未来肩关节疾病的体内研究。
■猪有可能成为肩袖撕裂的可行模型。
