Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both adult civilian and military populations. Currently, diagnostic and prognostic methods are limited to imaging and clinical findings. Biomarker measurements offer a potential method to assess head injuries and help predict outcomes, which has a potential benefit to the military, particularly in the deployed setting where imaging modalities are limited. We determine how biomarkers such as ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, neurofilament light chain (NFL), and tau proteins can offer important information to guide the diagnosis, acute management, and prognosis of TBI, specifically in military personnel.
METHODS: We performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature using online databases of Google Scholar and PubMed. We included articles published between 1988 and 2022.
RESULTS: We screened a total of 73 sources finding a total of 39 original research studies that met inclusion for this review. We found five studies that focused on GFAP, four studies that focused on UCH-L1, eight studies that focused on tau proteins, six studies that focused on NFL, and eight studies that focused on S100B. The remainder of the studies included more than one of the biomarkers of interest.
CONCLUSIONS: TBI occurs frequently in the military and civilian settings with limited methods to diagnose and prognosticate outcomes. We highlighted several promising biomarkers for these purposes including S100B, UCH-L1, NFL, GFAP, and tau proteins. S100B and UCH-L1 appear to have the strongest data to date, but further research is necessary. The robust data that explain the optimal timing and, more importantly, trending of these biomarker measurements are necessary before widespread application.
METHODS: We performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature using online databases of Google Scholar and PubMed. We included articles published between 1988 and 2022.
RESULTS: We screened a total of 73 sources finding a total of 39 original research studies that met inclusion for this review. We found five studies that focused on GFAP, four studies that focused on UCH-L1, eight studies that focused on tau proteins, six studies that focused on NFL, and eight studies that focused on S100B. The remainder of the studies included more than one of the biomarkers of interest.
CONCLUSIONS: TBI occurs frequently in the military and civilian settings with limited methods to diagnose and prognosticate outcomes. We highlighted several promising biomarkers for these purposes including S100B, UCH-L1, NFL, GFAP, and tau proteins. S100B and UCH-L1 appear to have the strongest data to date, but further research is necessary. The robust data that explain the optimal timing and, more importantly, trending of these biomarker measurements are necessary before widespread application.
摘要：
背景：创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是成人平民和军事人群发病率和死亡率的主要原因。目前,诊断和预后方法仅限于影像学和临床表现.生物标志物测量提供了一种评估头部损伤并帮助预测结果的潜在方法。这对军队有潜在的好处，特别是在成像模式有限的部署设置。我们确定生物标志物如泛素C末端水解酶-L1(UCH-L1)，胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP），S100B,神经丝轻链(NFL),tau蛋白可以提供重要的信息来指导诊断，急性管理，和TBI的预后，特别是军事人员。
方法：我们使用GoogleScholar和PubMed的在线数据库对同行评审的文献进行了叙述性回顾。我们收录了1988年至2022年之间发表的文章。
结果：我们共筛选了73个来源，共发现39个原创性研究纳入本综述。我们发现了五项专注于GFAP的研究，四项研究专注于UCH-L1，八项研究专注于tau蛋白，六项专注于NFL的研究，和8项针对S100B的研究。其余的研究包括一种以上的感兴趣的生物标志物。
结论：TBI经常发生在军事和民用环境中，诊断和预测结果的方法有限。我们强调了用于这些目的的几种有前途的生物标志物，包括S100B，UCH-L1，NFL，GFAP,和tau蛋白。S100B和UCH-L1似乎拥有迄今为止最强的数据，但需要进一步的研究。解释最佳时机的稳健数据，更重要的是,在广泛应用之前，这些生物标志物测量的趋势是必要的。
方法：我们使用GoogleScholar和PubMed的在线数据库对同行评审的文献进行了叙述性回顾。我们收录了1988年至2022年之间发表的文章。
结果：我们共筛选了73个来源，共发现39个原创性研究纳入本综述。我们发现了五项专注于GFAP的研究，四项研究专注于UCH-L1，八项研究专注于tau蛋白，六项专注于NFL的研究，和8项针对S100B的研究。其余的研究包括一种以上的感兴趣的生物标志物。
结论：TBI经常发生在军事和民用环境中，诊断和预测结果的方法有限。我们强调了用于这些目的的几种有前途的生物标志物，包括S100B，UCH-L1，NFL，GFAP,和tau蛋白。S100B和UCH-L1似乎拥有迄今为止最强的数据，但需要进一步的研究。解释最佳时机的稳健数据，更重要的是,在广泛应用之前，这些生物标志物测量的趋势是必要的。
