Abstract：
New functional materials for engineering gingival tissue are still in the early stages of development. Materials for such applications must maintain volume and have advantageous mechanical and biological characteristics for tissue regeneration, to be an alternative to autografts, which are the current benchmark of care. In this work, methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) was photocrosslinked with synthetic immunomodulatory methacrylated divinyl urethanes and defined monomers to generate composite scaffolds. Using a factorial design, with the synthetic monomers of a degradable polar/hydrophobic/ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) and GelMa, composite materials were electrospun with polycarbonate urethane (PCNU) and light-cured in-flight. The materials had significantly different relative hydrophilicities, with unique biodegradation profiles associated with specific formulations, thereby providing good guidance to achieving desired mechanical characteristics and scaffold resorption for gingival tissue regeneration. In accelerated esterase/collagenase degradation models, the new materials exhibited an initial rapid weight loss followed by a more gradual rate of degradation. The degradation profile allowed for the early infiltration of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, while still enabling the graft\'s structural integrity to be maintained. In conclusion, the materials provide a promising candidate platform for the regeneration of oral soft tissues, addressing the requirement of viable tissue infiltration while maintaining volume and mechanical integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need for the development of more functional and efficacious materials for the treatment of gingival recession. To address significant limitations in current material formulations, we sought to investigate the development of methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) and oligo-urethane/methacrylate monomer composite materials. A factorial design was used to electrospin four new formulations containing four to five monomers. Synthetic immunomodulatory monomers were crosslinked with GelMa and electrospun with a polycarbonate urethane resulting in unique mechanical properties, and resorption rates which align with the original design criteria for gingival tissue engineering. The materials may have applications in tissue engineering and can be readily manufactured. The findings of this work may help better direct the efforts of tissue engineering and material manufacturing.
摘要：
用于工程牙龈组织的新型功能材料仍处于早期开发阶段。用于此类应用的材料必须保持体积并具有用于组织再生的有利的机械和生物学特性。作为自体移植的替代品，这是当前护理的基准。在这项工作中,将甲基丙烯酸酯化明胶（GelMa）与合成的免疫调节甲基丙烯酸酯化二乙烯基氨基甲酸酯和确定的单体进行光交联，以生成复合支架。使用阶乘设计，与可降解的极性/疏水/离子聚氨酯（D-PHI）和GelMa的合成单体，复合材料用聚碳酸酯聚氨酯（PCNU）进行静电纺丝，并在飞行中进行光固化。材料具有显著不同的相对亲水性,具有与特定配方相关的独特生物降解特性，从而为实现齿龈组织再生所需的机械特性和支架再吸收提供良好的指导。在加速酯酶/胶原酶降解模型中，新材料表现出最初的快速体重减轻，然后是更渐进的降解速度。降解曲线允许人类脂肪来源的基质/干细胞的早期浸润，同时仍能保持移植物的结构完整性。总之,这些材料为口腔软组织的再生提供了一个有前途的候选平台，解决活组织浸润的要求，同时保持体积和机械完整性。重要性声明:需要开发更有功能和有效的材料来治疗牙龈衰退。为了解决当前材料配方中的重大限制，我们试图研究甲基丙烯酸酯化明胶（GelMa）和低聚氨基甲酸酯/甲基丙烯酸酯单体复合材料的开发。使用阶乘设计对含有四至五种单体的四种新制剂进行电纺。合成的免疫调节单体与GelMa交联，并与聚碳酸酯聚氨酯电纺，产生独特的机械性能，和吸收率与牙龈组织工程的原始设计标准一致。该材料可以在组织工程中具有应用并且可以容易地制造。这项工作的发现可能有助于更好地指导组织工程和材料制造的工作。
