Abstract：
Information concepts from physics, mathematics and computer science support many areas of research in biology. Their focus is on objective information, which provides correlations and patterns related to objects, processes, marks and signals. In these approaches only the quantitative aspects of the meaning of the information is relevant. In other areas of biology, \'meaningful information\', which is subjective in nature, relies on the physiology of the organism\'s sensory organs and on the interpretation of the perceived signals, which is then translated into action, even if this is only mental (in brained animals). Information is involved, in terms of both amount and quality. Here we contextualize and review the main theories that deal with \'meaningful-information\' at a molecular level from different areas of natural language research, namely biosemiotics, code-biology, biocommunication and biohermeneutics. As this information mediates between the organism and its environment, we emphasize how such theories compare with the neo-Darwinian treatment of genetic information, and how they project onto the rapid evolution of RNA viruses.
摘要：
来自物理学的信息概念，数学和计算机科学支持生物学的许多研究领域。他们的重点是客观信息，它提供了与对象相关的相关性和模式，进程,标记和信号。在这些方法中，只有信息含义的定量方面是相关的。在其他生物学领域，\'有意义的信息\',本质上是主观的，依赖于生物体感觉器官的生理学和对感知信号的解释，然后转化为行动，即使这只是精神上的（在有头脑的动物中）。涉及信息，无论是数量还是质量。在这里，我们对来自自然语言研究不同领域的分子水平上处理“有意义的信息”的主要理论进行了语境化和回顾，即生物符号学，代码生物学，生物通信和生物解释学。当这些信息在有机体和环境之间进行中介时，我们强调这些理论与新达尔文对遗传信息的处理相比，以及它们如何投射到RNA病毒的快速进化上。
