PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In 2020/2021 in Germany, several non-pharmacological interventions were introduced to lower the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated to what extent knowledge of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination status influenced the use of personal protection measures (PPM). Further, we were interested in the effect of compliance with PPM on SARS-CoV-2 serostatus.
Data was based on a sequential, multilocal seroprevalence study (MuSPAD), carried out in eight locations from July 2020 to August 2021. We estimated the association between a known SARS-CoV-2 serostatus (reported positive PCR test or vaccination) and self-reported PPM behavior (hand hygiene, physical distancing, wearing face mask), just as the association of PPM compliance with seropositivity against nucleocapsid (NC), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and spike protein (S) antigens. We identified relevant variables and deduced adjustment sets with directed acyclic graphs (DAG), and applied mixed logistic regression.
Out of the 22,297 participants (median age: 54 years, 43% male), 781 were classified as SARS-CoV-2-infected and 3,877 had a vaccinated immune response. Vaccinated individuals were less likely to keep 1.5 m distance [OR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97)] and only partly physically distanced [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58-0.87)]. Participants with self-reported positive PCR test had a lower chance of adhering partly to physical distancing [OR = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50-0.99)] in comparison to the reference group. Higher odds of additionally wearing a face mask was observed in vaccinated [OR = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08-1.51)] even if it was not obligatory. Overall, among unvaccinated participants, we found little evidence of lower odds of seropositivity given mask wearing [OR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.71-1.16)], physical distancing [OR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.59-1.20)] and no evidence for completely adhering to hand cleaning [OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.29-3.22)].
A known confirmed prior infection and vaccination may have the potential to influence adherence to PPM.
Data was based on a sequential, multilocal seroprevalence study (MuSPAD), carried out in eight locations from July 2020 to August 2021. We estimated the association between a known SARS-CoV-2 serostatus (reported positive PCR test or vaccination) and self-reported PPM behavior (hand hygiene, physical distancing, wearing face mask), just as the association of PPM compliance with seropositivity against nucleocapsid (NC), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and spike protein (S) antigens. We identified relevant variables and deduced adjustment sets with directed acyclic graphs (DAG), and applied mixed logistic regression.
Out of the 22,297 participants (median age: 54 years, 43% male), 781 were classified as SARS-CoV-2-infected and 3,877 had a vaccinated immune response. Vaccinated individuals were less likely to keep 1.5 m distance [OR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97)] and only partly physically distanced [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58-0.87)]. Participants with self-reported positive PCR test had a lower chance of adhering partly to physical distancing [OR = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50-0.99)] in comparison to the reference group. Higher odds of additionally wearing a face mask was observed in vaccinated [OR = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08-1.51)] even if it was not obligatory. Overall, among unvaccinated participants, we found little evidence of lower odds of seropositivity given mask wearing [OR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.71-1.16)], physical distancing [OR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.59-1.20)] and no evidence for completely adhering to hand cleaning [OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.29-3.22)].
A known confirmed prior infection and vaccination may have the potential to influence adherence to PPM.
摘要：
背景：2020/2021年在德国，为了降低严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的传播,我们引入了一些非药物干预措施.我们调查了SARS-CoV-2先前感染或疫苗接种状态的知识在多大程度上影响了个人保护措施（PPM）的使用。Further,我们对PPM依从性对SARS-CoV-2血清状态的影响感兴趣.
方法：数据基于顺序，多地方血清阳性率研究(MuSPAD)，从2020年7月到2021年8月在八个地点进行。我们估计了已知的SARS-CoV-2血清状态（报告的PCR测试或疫苗接种阳性）与自我报告的PPM行为（手卫生，物理距离，戴口罩)，正如PPM依从性与针对核衣壳（NC）的血清阳性的关联一样，受体结合域（RBD），和刺突蛋白(S)抗原。我们用有向无环图(DAG)识别了相关变量并推导了调整集，并应用混合逻辑回归。
结果：在22,297名参与者中（平均年龄：54岁，43%男性），781被归类为SARS-CoV-2感染，3,877具有接种疫苗的免疫反应。接种疫苗的个体不太可能保持1.5m的距离[OR=0.74(95%CI:0.57-0.97)]，只有部分物理距离[OR=0.71(95%CI:0.58-0.87)]。与参考组相比，自我报告PCR测试阳性的参与者部分坚持身体距离的机会较低[OR=0.70（95％CI：0.50-0.99）]。在接种疫苗[OR=1.28(95%CI:1.08-1.51)]中观察到额外佩戴面罩的较高几率,即使它不是强制性的。总的来说,在未接种疫苗的参与者中，我们发现几乎没有证据表明戴口罩的血清阳性几率较低[OR：0.91（95％CI：0.71-1.16）]，身体距离[OR：0.84（95％CI：0.59-1.20）]，没有证据表明完全坚持手部清洁[OR：0.97（95％CI：0.29-3.22）]。
结论：已知的已确认的既往感染和疫苗接种可能会影响PPM的依从性。
方法：数据基于顺序，多地方血清阳性率研究(MuSPAD)，从2020年7月到2021年8月在八个地点进行。我们估计了已知的SARS-CoV-2血清状态（报告的PCR测试或疫苗接种阳性）与自我报告的PPM行为（手卫生，物理距离，戴口罩)，正如PPM依从性与针对核衣壳（NC）的血清阳性的关联一样，受体结合域（RBD），和刺突蛋白(S)抗原。我们用有向无环图(DAG)识别了相关变量并推导了调整集，并应用混合逻辑回归。
结果：在22,297名参与者中（平均年龄：54岁，43%男性），781被归类为SARS-CoV-2感染，3,877具有接种疫苗的免疫反应。接种疫苗的个体不太可能保持1.5m的距离[OR=0.74(95%CI:0.57-0.97)]，只有部分物理距离[OR=0.71(95%CI:0.58-0.87)]。与参考组相比，自我报告PCR测试阳性的参与者部分坚持身体距离的机会较低[OR=0.70（95％CI：0.50-0.99）]。在接种疫苗[OR=1.28(95%CI:1.08-1.51)]中观察到额外佩戴面罩的较高几率,即使它不是强制性的。总的来说,在未接种疫苗的参与者中，我们发现几乎没有证据表明戴口罩的血清阳性几率较低[OR：0.91（95％CI：0.71-1.16）]，身体距离[OR：0.84（95％CI：0.59-1.20）]，没有证据表明完全坚持手部清洁[OR：0.97（95％CI：0.29-3.22）]。
结论：已知的已确认的既往感染和疫苗接种可能会影响PPM的依从性。
