Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To summarize and describe risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs) among high school and collegiate cross-country runners. DESIGN: Descriptive systematic review. LITERATURE SEARCH: Four databases (Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane) were searched from inception to August 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies assessing RRI risk factors in high school or collegiate runners using a prospective design with at least 1 season of follow-up were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results across each study for a given risk factor were summarized and described. The NOS and GRADE frameworks were used to evaluate quality of each study and certainty of evidence for each risk factor. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were included. Overall, study quality and certainty of evidence were low to moderate. Females or runners with prior RRI or increased RED-S (relative energy deficiency in sport) risk factors were most at risk for RRI, as were runners with a quadriceps angle of >20° and lower step rates. Runners with weaker thigh muscle groups had increased risk of anterior knee pain. Certainty of evidence regarding training, sleep, and specialization was low, but suggests that changes in training volume, poorer sleep, and increased specialization may increase RRI risk. CONCLUSION: The strongest predictors of RRI in high school and collegiate cross-country runners were sex and RRI history, which are nonmodifiable. There was moderate certainty that increased RED-S risk factors increased RRI risk, particularly bone stress injuries. There was limited evidence that changes in training and sleep quality influenced RRI risk, but these are modifiable factors that should be studied further in this population. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(2):1-13. Epub 16 November 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11550.
摘要：
目的：总结和描述高中和大学越野跑步者跑步相关损伤（RRIs）的危险因素。设计：描述性系统评价。文献搜索：四个数据库（Scopus，SPORTDiscus,CINAHL,Cochrane）从开始到2023年8月进行了搜索。研究选择标准：包括使用前瞻性设计评估高中或大学跑步者RRI危险因素的研究，随访至少1个赛季。数据综合：总结并描述了每个研究中给定危险因素的结果。NOS和GRADE框架用于评估每个研究的质量和每个风险因素的证据的确定性。结果：纳入24项研究。总的来说,研究质量和证据的确定性为低至中等。女性或具有先前RRI或增加的RED-S（运动中的相对能量缺乏）危险因素的跑步者RRI的风险最高，股四头肌角度>20°且步速较低的跑步者也是如此。大腿肌肉群较弱的跑步者增加了前膝疼痛的风险。关于培训的证据的确定性，睡眠,专业化程度很低，但表明训练量的变化，睡眠不好,专业化程度的提高可能会增加RRI风险。结论：在高中和大学越野跑步者中，RRI的最强预测因子是性别和RRI病史，这是不可修改的。有适度的确定性，增加RED-S风险因素增加RRI风险，特别是骨应力损伤。有有限的证据表明，训练和睡眠质量的变化会影响RRI风险，但是这些是可以改变的因素，应该在这个人群中进一步研究。J正交运动物理学号2024；54(2)：1-13。Epub2023年11月16日。doi：10.2519/jospt.2023.11550。
