Abstract：
The discovery of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the 1950s marked a significant breakthrough in medicine, creating a powerful new category of drug: the antidepressant. In the years and decades that followed, MAOIs have been used in the treatment of several pathologies including Parkinson\'s disease, Alzheimer\'s disease, and various cancers and as anti-inflammatory agents. Despite once enjoying widespread use, MAOIs have dwindled in popularity due to side effects, food-drug interactions, and the introduction of other antidepressant drug classes such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The recently published prescriber\'s guide for the use of MAOIs in treating depression has kindled a resurgence of their use in the clinical space. It is therefore timely to review key aspects of the four \"classic\" MAOIs: high-dose selegiline, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, and tranylcypromine. This review discusses their chemical synthesis, metabolism, pharmacology, adverse effects, and the history and importance of these drugs within the broader field of chemical neuroscience.
摘要：
20世纪50年代单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOIs)的发现标志着医学上的重大突破,创造了一种强大的新药物类别：抗抑郁药。在接下来的几年和几十年里，MAOIs已被用于治疗多种疾病，包括帕金森病，老年痴呆症,和各种癌症和作为抗炎药。尽管曾经被广泛使用，由于副作用，MAOI的受欢迎程度有所下降，食物-药物相互作用，以及引入其他抗抑郁药类别，例如三环抗抑郁药（TCA）和选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）。最近发布的处方者使用MAOIs治疗抑郁症的指南引发了其在临床领域的使用的复苏。因此，审查四个“经典”MAOIs的关键方面是及时的：高剂量司来吉兰，异卡波肼,苯乙嗪,和tranylcypromine.这篇综述讨论了它们的化学合成，新陈代谢，药理学,不利影响，以及这些药物在更广泛的化学神经科学领域的历史和重要性。
