Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Previous transverse and a handful of longitudinal studies have shown that the slope of the static accommodation response/stimulus curve declines as complete presbyopia is approached. Changes in pupillary miosis and ocular spherical aberration (SA) are also evident. This study further investigated longitudinal changes in the relationships between the monocular static accommodative response, pupil diameter and SA of a single adult.
METHODS: A wavefront analysing system, the Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System, was used in conjunction with a Badal optometer to allow continuous recording of the aberration structure of the dominant eye in a low myope for a range of accommodative demands (-0.83 to 7.63 D) over a period of 17 years until the age of 50. Monocular accommodative response was calculated as the equivalent refraction minimising wavefront error. The associated longitudinal changes in pupil size and SA with accommodation were also recorded.
RESULTS: A decrease in accommodation response with age was found at almost all target vergences, with the changes being greatest for higher vergences. In addition, although absolute pupil diameter decreased with age, the rate of change in pupil diameter with accommodative stimulus remained approximately constant with age. Pupil constriction occurred for near stimuli even in full presbyopia. SA changed linearly with the accommodation response at all ages.
CONCLUSIONS: The objective amplitude of accommodation declined linearly with age as complete presbyopia was approached, while the slope of the response/stimulus curve also fell. It was hypothesised that the retinal image blur associated with the larger lags of accommodation at higher accommodative stimuli was reduced by pupil constriction and the resulting lower levels of SA.
METHODS: A wavefront analysing system, the Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System, was used in conjunction with a Badal optometer to allow continuous recording of the aberration structure of the dominant eye in a low myope for a range of accommodative demands (-0.83 to 7.63 D) over a period of 17 years until the age of 50. Monocular accommodative response was calculated as the equivalent refraction minimising wavefront error. The associated longitudinal changes in pupil size and SA with accommodation were also recorded.
RESULTS: A decrease in accommodation response with age was found at almost all target vergences, with the changes being greatest for higher vergences. In addition, although absolute pupil diameter decreased with age, the rate of change in pupil diameter with accommodative stimulus remained approximately constant with age. Pupil constriction occurred for near stimuli even in full presbyopia. SA changed linearly with the accommodation response at all ages.
CONCLUSIONS: The objective amplitude of accommodation declined linearly with age as complete presbyopia was approached, while the slope of the response/stimulus curve also fell. It was hypothesised that the retinal image blur associated with the larger lags of accommodation at higher accommodative stimuli was reduced by pupil constriction and the resulting lower levels of SA.
摘要：
目的：先前的横向和少数纵向研究表明，静态调节反应/刺激曲线的斜率随着接近完全老花眼而下降。瞳孔缩小和眼球差（SA）的变化也很明显。这项研究进一步调查了单眼静态调节反应之间关系的纵向变化，单个成年人的瞳孔直径和SA。
方法：波前分析系统，完整的眼科分析系统，与Badal验光仪结合使用，可以在17年的时间内连续记录弱视眼的像差结构，以满足一系列调节需求（-0.83至7.63D），直到50岁。单眼调节反应被计算为等效屈光，最小化波前误差。还记录了瞳孔大小和SA与调节的相关纵向变化。
结果：几乎在所有目标部位都发现了适应反应随年龄的降低，变化对更高的平均水平是最大的。此外,尽管绝对瞳孔直径随着年龄的增长而减小，调节刺激下瞳孔直径的变化率随着年龄的增长大致保持恒定。即使在完全的老花眼中，近刺激也会发生瞳孔收缩。在所有年龄段，SA随适应反应线性变化。
结论：当接近完全老花眼时，调节的客观幅度随年龄线性下降，而反应/刺激曲线的斜率也下降。假设瞳孔收缩和由此产生的较低水平的SA减少了与较高调节刺激下较大的调节滞后相关的视网膜图像模糊。
方法：波前分析系统，完整的眼科分析系统，与Badal验光仪结合使用，可以在17年的时间内连续记录弱视眼的像差结构，以满足一系列调节需求（-0.83至7.63D），直到50岁。单眼调节反应被计算为等效屈光，最小化波前误差。还记录了瞳孔大小和SA与调节的相关纵向变化。
结果：几乎在所有目标部位都发现了适应反应随年龄的降低，变化对更高的平均水平是最大的。此外,尽管绝对瞳孔直径随着年龄的增长而减小，调节刺激下瞳孔直径的变化率随着年龄的增长大致保持恒定。即使在完全的老花眼中，近刺激也会发生瞳孔收缩。在所有年龄段，SA随适应反应线性变化。
结论：当接近完全老花眼时，调节的客观幅度随年龄线性下降，而反应/刺激曲线的斜率也下降。假设瞳孔收缩和由此产生的较低水平的SA减少了与较高调节刺激下较大的调节滞后相关的视网膜图像模糊。
