Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to assess the positional accuracy during the sequence of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) according to the anatomical characteristics of the alveolar ridge.
METHODS: Maxillary bone models with six single tooth gaps including clinical scenarios of healed alveolar ridge (HR), single-rooted (SRS), and three-rooted socket (TRS) morphologies were used in this study. Positional deviations during implant placement procedures were evaluated after the pilot osteotomy (PD), final osteotomy (FD), and implant placement with respect to the pre-planned implant position by using a software package. ANOVA and post hoc analyses were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 90 implants were included in this study. Higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations were found after the PD and FD (3.5 ± 2.4°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.4 ± 0.8 mm versus 3.6 ±2.2°, 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.6 mm) compared to IP (2.8 ± 1.6°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.5 mm, p ≤ 0.004). Implants placed in TRS demonstrated higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations (4.0 ± 1.7°, 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.5 mm) compared to implants placed in SRS (2.5 ± 1.2°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.1 ± 0.4 mm) or HR (2.0 ± 0.9°, 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Positional deviations during sCAIS procedures are initiated with the first implant osteotomy and persist throughout the drilling sequence. However, deviations slightly decreased after implant placement. The alveolar ridge morphology is strongly associated with positional deviations. Higher deviations were observed in three-rooted and single-rooted sockets simulating an immediate approach compared to healed sites simulating a delayed protocol.
METHODS: Maxillary bone models with six single tooth gaps including clinical scenarios of healed alveolar ridge (HR), single-rooted (SRS), and three-rooted socket (TRS) morphologies were used in this study. Positional deviations during implant placement procedures were evaluated after the pilot osteotomy (PD), final osteotomy (FD), and implant placement with respect to the pre-planned implant position by using a software package. ANOVA and post hoc analyses were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 90 implants were included in this study. Higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations were found after the PD and FD (3.5 ± 2.4°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.4 ± 0.8 mm versus 3.6 ±2.2°, 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.6 mm) compared to IP (2.8 ± 1.6°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.5 mm, p ≤ 0.004). Implants placed in TRS demonstrated higher mean angular, crestal, and apical deviations (4.0 ± 1.7°, 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.6 ± 0.5 mm) compared to implants placed in SRS (2.5 ± 1.2°, 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.1 ± 0.4 mm) or HR (2.0 ± 0.9°, 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Positional deviations during sCAIS procedures are initiated with the first implant osteotomy and persist throughout the drilling sequence. However, deviations slightly decreased after implant placement. The alveolar ridge morphology is strongly associated with positional deviations. Higher deviations were observed in three-rooted and single-rooted sockets simulating an immediate approach compared to healed sites simulating a delayed protocol.
摘要：
目的：这项体外研究旨在根据牙槽嵴的解剖特征评估静态计算机辅助植入手术（sCAIS）顺序过程中的位置准确性。
方法：具有六个单齿间隙的上颌骨模型，包括牙槽脊愈合（HR）的临床情况，单根(SRS)，本研究使用了三根插座(TRS)形态。在先导截骨术（PD）后评估植入物放置过程中的位置偏差，末级截骨(FD),以及通过使用软件包相对于预先计划的植入位置的植入放置。进行ANOVA和事后分析。
结果：本研究共包括90个植入物。较高的平均角度，crestal,PD和FD后发现根尖偏差(3.5±2.4°，0.7±0.3mm,1.4±0.8mm对3.6±2.2°，0.6±0.3mm,和1.2±0.6mm）与IP（2.8±1.6°，0.7±0.3mm,和1.2±0.5毫米，p≤0.004)。放置在TRS中的植入物显示出更高的平均角度，crestal,和根尖偏差(4.0±1.7°,0.8±0.3mm,和1.6±0.5mm），与放置在SRS中的植入物（2.5±1.2°，0.7±0.3mm,和1.1±0.4mm）或HR（2.0±0.9°，0.5±0.3mm,和0.8±0.4毫米，p<0.001)。
结论：sCAIS过程中的位置偏差是在第一次植入物截骨术中开始的，并在整个钻孔过程中持续存在。然而,植入后偏差略有减少。牙槽的形态与位置偏差密切相关。与模拟延迟协议的愈合站点相比，在模拟即时方法的三根和单根插座中观察到更高的偏差。
方法：具有六个单齿间隙的上颌骨模型，包括牙槽脊愈合（HR）的临床情况，单根(SRS)，本研究使用了三根插座(TRS)形态。在先导截骨术（PD）后评估植入物放置过程中的位置偏差，末级截骨(FD),以及通过使用软件包相对于预先计划的植入位置的植入放置。进行ANOVA和事后分析。
结果：本研究共包括90个植入物。较高的平均角度，crestal,PD和FD后发现根尖偏差(3.5±2.4°，0.7±0.3mm,1.4±0.8mm对3.6±2.2°，0.6±0.3mm,和1.2±0.6mm）与IP（2.8±1.6°，0.7±0.3mm,和1.2±0.5毫米，p≤0.004)。放置在TRS中的植入物显示出更高的平均角度，crestal,和根尖偏差(4.0±1.7°,0.8±0.3mm,和1.6±0.5mm），与放置在SRS中的植入物（2.5±1.2°，0.7±0.3mm,和1.1±0.4mm）或HR（2.0±0.9°，0.5±0.3mm,和0.8±0.4毫米，p<0.001)。
结论：sCAIS过程中的位置偏差是在第一次植入物截骨术中开始的，并在整个钻孔过程中持续存在。然而,植入后偏差略有减少。牙槽的形态与位置偏差密切相关。与模拟延迟协议的愈合站点相比，在模拟即时方法的三根和单根插座中观察到更高的偏差。
