PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
What propelled the human \'revolutions\' that started the Anthropocene? and what could speed humanity out of trouble? Here, we focus on the role of reinforcing feedback cycles, often comprised of diverse, unrelated elements (e.g. fire, grass, humans), in propelling abrupt and/or irreversible, revolutionary changes. We suggest that differential \'spread of the cycles\' has been critical to the past human revolutions of fire use, agriculture, rise of complex states and industrialization. For each revolution, we review and map out proposed reinforcing feedback cycles, and describe how new systems built on previous ones, propelling us into the Anthropocene. We argue that to escape a bleak Anthropocene will require abruptly shifting from existing unsustainable \'vicious cycles\', to alternative sustainable \'virtuous cycles\' that can outspread and outpersist them. This will need to be complemented by a revolutionary cultural shift from maximizing growth to maximizing persistence (sustainability). To achieve that we suggest that non-human elements need to be brought back into the feedback cycles underlying human cultures and associated measures of progress. This article is part of the theme issue \'Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis\'.
摘要：
是什么推动了人类世的人类革命？什么可以使人类摆脱麻烦？在这里，我们专注于加强反馈周期的作用，通常由不同的组成，不相关的元素(例如，火灾，草,人类)，在突然和/或不可逆的推进中，革命性的变化。我们认为，“周期的不同传播”对过去人类使用火的革命至关重要，农业,复杂国家的崛起和工业化。每一次革命,我们审查并绘制出建议的强化反馈周期，并描述新系统是如何建立在以前的系统上的，推动我们进入人类世.我们认为，要摆脱黯淡的人类世，需要突然摆脱现有的不可持续的“恶性循环”，替代可持续的“良性循环”，可以扩展并持续下去。这需要辅之以从最大限度地增长到最大限度地持续(可持续性)的革命性文化转变。为了实现这一目标，我们建议需要将非人类因素带回人类文化和相关进步措施的反馈周期中。这篇文章是主题问题的一部分，“进化和可持续性：收集人类世的合成链”。
