PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
摘要：
2019年严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现促使科学，medical,和生物技术社区研究在这种病原体的背景下感染和疫苗诱导的免疫反应。B细胞和抗体反应是这些研究的中心，作为中和抗体（nAbs）是保护（COP）免受感染的重要相关因素，也是SARS-CoV-2疫苗形式的主要靶标。除了绝对水平,nAb寿命，中和宽度，免疫球蛋白同种型和亚型组成，粘膜部位的存在已成为科学家和卫生政策制定者的重要话题。最近的大流行是并且仍然是一个独特的环境，在该环境中研究从头和记忆B细胞（MBC）和抗体反应在感染和疫苗诱导的免疫的动态相互作用中。它还提供了探索新疫苗平台的机会，如mRNA或腺病毒载体疫苗，以前所未有的队列规模。结合近年来的技术进步，这种情况为B细胞和抗体反应的发展提供了详细的机制见解，但也揭示了一些意想不到的发现。在这次审查中,我们总结了过去2.5年关于感染和疫苗诱导的B细胞免疫的主要发现，我们认为，这不仅在SARS-CoV-2的背景下，而且在地方性和大流行环境中的未来疫苗接种方法中都具有重要价值。
