Abstract：
Breast injury is commonly encountered yet it remains significantly underreported. Injury to the breast may arise from either primary mechanisms or secondary or iatrogenic mechanisms. Primary mechanisms of breast injury include blunt force, seat-belt, penetrating, and thermal injury. Secondary or iatrogenic mechanisms of breast injury include breast biopsy or intervention as well as operative intervention and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The severity of breast injury arising from these mechanisms is broad, ranging from breast contusion to avulsion. Sequelae of breast injury include fat necrosis and Mondor\'s disease. Radiologists play an integral role in the evaluation and management of breast injury both in the acute and non-acute settings. In the acute setting, radiologists must be able to recognize breast injury arising from primary mechanisms or iatrogenic or secondary mechanisms and to identify rare but potentially life-threatening complications promptly to ensure timely, appropriate management. In the non-acute setting, radiologists must be able to discern the sequalae of breast injury from other processes to prevent potentially unnecessary further evaluation and intervention. Nonetheless, though breast injury is commonly encountered there remain few guidelines and a lack of established recommendations for the evaluation and management of breast injury. We provide a comprehensive multi-modality imaging review of breast injury arising in the acute setting as well as the sequela of breast injury arising in the non-acute setting. Moreover, we provide an overview of the management of breast injury.
摘要：
经常遇到乳房损伤，但仍未充分报道。对乳房的损伤可能由主要机制或次要或医源性机制引起。乳房损伤的主要机制包括钝器力，安全带,穿透，和热损伤。乳房损伤的继发性或医源性机制包括乳房活检或干预以及手术干预和心肺复苏。由这些机制引起的乳房损伤的严重程度是广泛的，从乳房挫伤到撕脱伤。乳房损伤的后遗症包括脂肪坏死和Mondor病。在急性和非急性环境中，放射科医师在评估和管理乳房损伤中起着不可或缺的作用。在急性环境中，放射科医生必须能够识别由主要机制或医源性或次要机制引起的乳房损伤，并及时识别罕见但可能危及生命的并发症，以确保及时，适当的管理。在非急性环境中，放射科医生必须能够从其他过程中辨别乳房损伤的后遗症，以防止可能不必要的进一步评估和干预。尽管如此，虽然乳房损伤是常见的情况，但仍然很少有指南，也缺乏对乳房损伤的评估和管理的既定建议。我们提供了在急性环境中引起的乳房损伤以及在非急性环境中引起的乳房损伤的后遗症的全面多模态影像学检查。此外，我们提供了乳房损伤的管理概述。
