Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to identify the available evidence in the use of 3D printing technology in dental implantology. Due to the broad scope of the subject and its application in implantology, three main areas of focus were identified: (1) customized dental implants, (2) manufacturing workflow for surgical implant guides, and (3) related implant-supported prostheses factors, which include the metallic primary frameworks, secondary ceramic or polymer superstructures, and 3D implant analog models.
METHODS: Online databases (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) were used to identify the studies published up to February 2023 in English. Two experienced reviewers performed independently the screening and selection among the 1737 studies identified. The articles evaluated the additive manufacturing (AM) technology, materials, printing, and post-processing parameters regarding dental implantology.
RESULTS: The 132 full-text studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined. Thirteen studies of customized dental implants, 22 studies about the workflow for surgical implant guides, and 30 studies of related implant-supported prostheses factors were included.
CONCLUSIONS: (1) The clinical evidence about AM titanium and zirconia implants is scarce. Early data on survival rates, osseointegration, and mechanical properties are being reported. (2) 3D printing is a proven manufacturing technology to produce surgical implant guides. Adherence to the manufacturer\'s instructions is crucial and the best accuracy was achieved using MultiJet printer. (3) The quality of 3D printed prosthetic structures and superstructures is improving remarkably, especially on metallic alloys. However, better marginal fit and mechanical properties can be achieved with milling technology for metals and ceramics.
METHODS: Online databases (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) were used to identify the studies published up to February 2023 in English. Two experienced reviewers performed independently the screening and selection among the 1737 studies identified. The articles evaluated the additive manufacturing (AM) technology, materials, printing, and post-processing parameters regarding dental implantology.
RESULTS: The 132 full-text studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined. Thirteen studies of customized dental implants, 22 studies about the workflow for surgical implant guides, and 30 studies of related implant-supported prostheses factors were included.
CONCLUSIONS: (1) The clinical evidence about AM titanium and zirconia implants is scarce. Early data on survival rates, osseointegration, and mechanical properties are being reported. (2) 3D printing is a proven manufacturing technology to produce surgical implant guides. Adherence to the manufacturer\'s instructions is crucial and the best accuracy was achieved using MultiJet printer. (3) The quality of 3D printed prosthetic structures and superstructures is improving remarkably, especially on metallic alloys. However, better marginal fit and mechanical properties can be achieved with milling technology for metals and ceramics.
摘要：
目的：本范围审查旨在确定3D打印技术在牙科种植中使用的现有证据。由于该主题的广泛范围及其在植入学中的应用，确定了三个主要重点领域：(1)定制牙科植入物，(2)外科植入导向器的制造工作流程,和（3）相关的植入物支持的假体因素，其中包括金属初级框架，二级陶瓷或聚合物上部结构，和3D植入物模拟模型。
方法：在线数据库(Medline，科克伦,Embase,和CINAHL）用于鉴定截至2023年2月以英文发表的研究。在确定的1737项研究中，两名经验丰富的审查员独立进行了筛选和选择。文章评估了增材制造(AM)技术，材料,打印,和有关牙科种植的后处理参数。
结果：检查了符合纳入标准的132项全文研究。定制牙科植入物的13项研究，22项关于手术植入导向器工作流程的研究，并纳入了30项相关植入物支持假体因素的研究。
结论：（1）关于AM钛和氧化锆植入物的临床证据很少。早期生存率数据,骨整合，和机械性能正在报告中。（2）3D打印是一种经过验证的制造技术，可用于生产外科植入物指南。遵守制造商的说明至关重要，使用MultiJet打印机可获得最佳精度。(3)3D打印假体结构和上层建筑的质量显著提高,特别是在金属合金上。然而,金属和陶瓷的铣削技术可以实现更好的边缘配合和机械性能。
方法：在线数据库(Medline，科克伦,Embase,和CINAHL）用于鉴定截至2023年2月以英文发表的研究。在确定的1737项研究中，两名经验丰富的审查员独立进行了筛选和选择。文章评估了增材制造(AM)技术，材料,打印,和有关牙科种植的后处理参数。
结果：检查了符合纳入标准的132项全文研究。定制牙科植入物的13项研究，22项关于手术植入导向器工作流程的研究，并纳入了30项相关植入物支持假体因素的研究。
结论：（1）关于AM钛和氧化锆植入物的临床证据很少。早期生存率数据,骨整合，和机械性能正在报告中。（2）3D打印是一种经过验证的制造技术，可用于生产外科植入物指南。遵守制造商的说明至关重要，使用MultiJet打印机可获得最佳精度。(3)3D打印假体结构和上层建筑的质量显著提高,特别是在金属合金上。然而,金属和陶瓷的铣削技术可以实现更好的边缘配合和机械性能。
