Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The aim was to provide an update on anatomy and function of the medial ankle ligaments, diagnosis of their injuries and treatment of medial ankle instability.
METHODS: Literature search on PubMed.
RESULTS: Injuries to the deltoid ligament are not uncommon in relation to malleolar fractures and ankle sprains. Chronic instability may lead to ankle osteoarthritis. However, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria (clinically, by imaging and by arthroscopy), on indications for non-operative and operative treatment, and on standards for repair and reconstruction of the ligament complex. There is no current evidence to support acute repair of deltoid ligament injury. Reports on the effect of isolated deltoid ligament reconstruction are very sparse.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for a focused effort to establish evidence for all aspects of deltoid ligament injury.
METHODS: Literature search on PubMed.
RESULTS: Injuries to the deltoid ligament are not uncommon in relation to malleolar fractures and ankle sprains. Chronic instability may lead to ankle osteoarthritis. However, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria (clinically, by imaging and by arthroscopy), on indications for non-operative and operative treatment, and on standards for repair and reconstruction of the ligament complex. There is no current evidence to support acute repair of deltoid ligament injury. Reports on the effect of isolated deltoid ligament reconstruction are very sparse.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for a focused effort to establish evidence for all aspects of deltoid ligament injury.
摘要：
背景：目的是提供有关踝关节内侧韧带的解剖结构和功能的最新信息，踝关节内侧不稳定的损伤诊断和治疗。
方法：在PubMed上进行文献检索。
结果：与踝关节骨折和踝关节扭伤相关的三角肌韧带损伤并不少见。慢性不稳定可能导致踝关节骨关节炎。然而,在诊断标准上没有达成共识(临床上，通过成像和关节镜检查)，关于非手术和手术治疗的适应症，以及韧带复合体的修复和重建标准。目前尚无证据支持急性修复三角肌韧带损伤。关于孤立性三角韧带重建效果的报道非常稀少。
结论：需要集中精力为三角肌韧带损伤的所有方面建立证据。
方法：在PubMed上进行文献检索。
结果：与踝关节骨折和踝关节扭伤相关的三角肌韧带损伤并不少见。慢性不稳定可能导致踝关节骨关节炎。然而,在诊断标准上没有达成共识(临床上，通过成像和关节镜检查)，关于非手术和手术治疗的适应症，以及韧带复合体的修复和重建标准。目前尚无证据支持急性修复三角肌韧带损伤。关于孤立性三角韧带重建效果的报道非常稀少。
结论：需要集中精力为三角肌韧带损伤的所有方面建立证据。
