Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Protein-energy malnutrition poses a serious medical problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the global burden, trends, and health inequalities of protein-energy malnutrition and forecasts for future prevalence.
METHODS: This was a comprehensive analysis based on data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, including prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate temporal trends. We quantified cross-country inequalities in protein-energy malnutrition burden and predicted the prevalence number and rate to 2044.
RESULTS: Globally, there were 147,672,757 (130,405,923 to 167,471,359) cases of protein-energy malnutrition in 2019, with 212,242 (185,403 to 246,217) deaths. Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardised death and DALY rates in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence rate of protein-energy malnutrition showed an upward trend, while the age-standardised death rate showed a downward trend. A significant decline occurred in SDI-related health inequality, from 2126.1 DALYs per 100,000 persons between the poorest and richest countries in 1990 to 357.9 DALYs per 100,000 persons in 2019. There was a trend of decreasing age-standardised death and DALY rates along with increases in the SDI. Frontier analyses showed that there is much room for improving the current situation of protein-energy malnutrition in some countries. In the next 35 years, the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition will continue to increase.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the disease burden of protein-energy malnutrition has greatly decreased since 1990 and health inequalities between countries are shrinking, the prevalence in Asian and African countries may continue to increase. Focussing on regional differences and strengthening the nutritional intake of people in underdeveloped areas are necessary to reduce future burdens.
METHODS: This was a comprehensive analysis based on data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool, including prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate temporal trends. We quantified cross-country inequalities in protein-energy malnutrition burden and predicted the prevalence number and rate to 2044.
RESULTS: Globally, there were 147,672,757 (130,405,923 to 167,471,359) cases of protein-energy malnutrition in 2019, with 212,242 (185,403 to 246,217) deaths. Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest age-standardised death and DALY rates in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence rate of protein-energy malnutrition showed an upward trend, while the age-standardised death rate showed a downward trend. A significant decline occurred in SDI-related health inequality, from 2126.1 DALYs per 100,000 persons between the poorest and richest countries in 1990 to 357.9 DALYs per 100,000 persons in 2019. There was a trend of decreasing age-standardised death and DALY rates along with increases in the SDI. Frontier analyses showed that there is much room for improving the current situation of protein-energy malnutrition in some countries. In the next 35 years, the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition will continue to increase.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the disease burden of protein-energy malnutrition has greatly decreased since 1990 and health inequalities between countries are shrinking, the prevalence in Asian and African countries may continue to increase. Focussing on regional differences and strengthening the nutritional intake of people in underdeveloped areas are necessary to reduce future burdens.
摘要：
目的：蛋白质能量营养不良在全球范围内构成了严重的医学问题。这项研究旨在描述全球负担，趋势,蛋白质-能量营养不良的健康不平等以及对未来患病率的预测。
方法：这是基于2019年全球疾病负担研究提供的数据的综合分析。
方法：数据来自全球卫生数据交换查询工具，包括患病率，死亡,残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)和社会人口统计学指数(SDI)。计算估计的年度百分比变化以评估时间趋势。我们量化了蛋白质能量营养不良负担的跨国不平等，并预测了到2044年的患病率和患病率。
结果：全球，2019年有147,672,757例(130,405,923至167,471,359例)蛋白质-能量营养不良，212,242例(185,403至246,217例)死亡。2019年，撒哈拉以南非洲东部的年龄标准化死亡率和死亡率最高。从1990年到2019年，全球蛋白质-能量营养不良的年龄标准化患病率呈上升趋势，而年龄标准化死亡率呈下降趋势。与SDI相关的健康不平等显着下降，从1990年最贫穷和最富裕国家每10万人中的2126.1DALYs到2019年每10万人中的357.9DALYs。随着SDI的增加，年龄标准化死亡率和DALY率呈下降趋势。前沿分析表明，在一些国家，蛋白质能量营养不良的现状还有很大的改善空间。在接下来的35年里,蛋白质能量营养不良的患病率将继续增加.
结论：尽管自1990年以来，蛋白质能量营养不良的疾病负担已大大减少，国家之间的健康不平等正在缩小，亚洲和非洲国家的患病率可能会继续增加。关注地区差异和加强欠发达地区人民的营养摄入对于减轻未来的负担是必要的。
方法：这是基于2019年全球疾病负担研究提供的数据的综合分析。
方法：数据来自全球卫生数据交换查询工具，包括患病率，死亡,残疾调整寿命年(DALYs)和社会人口统计学指数(SDI)。计算估计的年度百分比变化以评估时间趋势。我们量化了蛋白质能量营养不良负担的跨国不平等，并预测了到2044年的患病率和患病率。
结果：全球，2019年有147,672,757例(130,405,923至167,471,359例)蛋白质-能量营养不良，212,242例(185,403至246,217例)死亡。2019年，撒哈拉以南非洲东部的年龄标准化死亡率和死亡率最高。从1990年到2019年，全球蛋白质-能量营养不良的年龄标准化患病率呈上升趋势，而年龄标准化死亡率呈下降趋势。与SDI相关的健康不平等显着下降，从1990年最贫穷和最富裕国家每10万人中的2126.1DALYs到2019年每10万人中的357.9DALYs。随着SDI的增加，年龄标准化死亡率和DALY率呈下降趋势。前沿分析表明，在一些国家，蛋白质能量营养不良的现状还有很大的改善空间。在接下来的35年里,蛋白质能量营养不良的患病率将继续增加.
结论：尽管自1990年以来，蛋白质能量营养不良的疾病负担已大大减少，国家之间的健康不平等正在缩小，亚洲和非洲国家的患病率可能会继续增加。关注地区差异和加强欠发达地区人民的营养摄入对于减轻未来的负担是必要的。
