Abstract：
Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease, so there is a constant need for research to find efficient targets and therapeutic approaches. Breast cancer can be classified on a molecular and histological base. Breast cancer can be divided into ER (estrogen receptor)-positive and ER-negative, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor2)-positive and HER2-negative subtypes based on the presence of specific biomarkers. Targeting hormone receptors, such as the HER2, progesterone receptor (PR), and ER, is very significant and plays a vital role in the onset and progression of breast cancer. Endocrine treatments and HER2-targeted drugs are examples of targeted therapies now being used against these receptors. Emerging immune-based medicines with promising outcomes in the treatment of breast cancer include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapy. It is also explored how immune cells and the tumor microenvironment affect breast cancer development and treatment response. The major biochemical pathways, signaling cascades, and DNA repair mechanisms that are involved in the development and progression of breast cancer, include the PI3K/AKT/mTOR system, the MAPK pathway, and others. These pathways are intended to be inhibited by a variety of targeted drugs, which are then delivered with the goal of restoring normal cellular function. This review aims to shed light on types of breast cancer with the summarization of different therapeutic approaches which can target different pathways for tailored medicines and better patient outcomes.
摘要：
乳腺癌是一种常见的致命疾病，因此，有一个不断的研究，以寻找有效的目标和治疗方法。乳腺癌可以根据分子和组织学进行分类。乳腺癌可分为ER(雌激素受体)阳性和ER阴性,HER2（人表皮生长因子受体2）阳性和HER2阴性亚型基于特定生物标志物的存在。靶向激素受体，如HER2，孕激素受体（PR），ER,在乳腺癌的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。内分泌治疗和HER2靶向药物是目前针对这些受体使用的靶向治疗的实例。新兴的基于免疫的药物在乳腺癌的治疗中有希望的结果包括免疫检查点抑制剂，癌症疫苗,和过继性T细胞疗法。还探讨了免疫细胞和肿瘤微环境如何影响乳腺癌的发展和治疗反应。主要的生化途径，信令级联，以及参与乳腺癌发展和进展的DNA修复机制，包括PI3K/AKT/mTOR系统，MAPK通路,和其他人。这些途径旨在被多种靶向药物抑制，然后以恢复正常细胞功能为目标进行递送。这篇综述旨在通过总结不同的治疗方法来阐明乳腺癌的类型，这些方法可以针对定制药物的不同途径和更好的患者预后。
