Abstract：
Introduction: Radiation safety education is important as fluoroscopy is commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation is associated with an increased risk of cancer and other adverse health effects; therefore, it is essential that urologists and trainees are educated on the safe use of radiation. Unfortunately, radiation education and occupational safety is not standardized for this group and there are currently no review studies examining radiation safety for urologists in the clinical setting. This review aims at investigating the various levels of radiation safety education and practices used in urology. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant publications reporting on radiation knowledge and randomized controlled trials, non-randomized comparative studies, and observational studies were included. Reviews, abstracts, editorial comments, non-urologic studies, and incomplete articles were excluded. Results: Within these articles, there were 16 observational studies. Frequency of radiation exposure ranged from <1 × to >15 × /week. There were higher rates of adherence to use of lead aprons and thyroid shields than lead eyeglasses and gloves. Radiation safety education was infrequent. Radiation safety knowledge was especially low for the risks of radiation exposure. Most studies highlight the need for increased awareness and training on radiation safety for both urology trainees and consultants. Conclusions: Radiation safety education and practices are an important issue in urology. Improvements to education and compliance to radiation safety practices are critical to ensuring urologists and trainees use ionizing radiation in a safe and responsible manner.
摘要：
背景：辐射安全教育很重要，因为透视检查通常用于诊断和治疗目的。暴露于高水平的电离辐射与癌症和其他不良健康影响的风险增加有关；因此，泌尿科医师和受训者必须接受安全使用辐射的教育。不幸的是,这一组的放射教育和职业安全没有标准化，目前没有审查泌尿科医师在临床环境中的放射安全性的审查研究。这篇综述旨在调查泌尿外科中使用的各种水平的辐射安全教育和实践。
方法：在Medline和Embase数据库中搜索有关放射知识和随机对照试验的相关出版物，非随机对照研究，并纳入观察性研究。评论,摘要,社论评论，非泌尿外科研究，不完整的文章被排除在外。
结果：在这些文章中，有16项观察性研究.辐射暴露的频率范围从每周少于一次到大于15次。与铅眼镜和手套相比，使用铅围裙和甲状腺护罩的依从性更高。辐射安全教育很少。辐射暴露风险的辐射安全知识尤其低。大多数研究强调需要提高泌尿科受训人员和顾问对辐射安全的认识和培训。
结论：辐射安全教育和实践是泌尿外科的一个重要问题。改进教育和遵守辐射安全实践对于确保泌尿科医师和受训者以安全和负责任的方式使用电离辐射至关重要。
方法：在Medline和Embase数据库中搜索有关放射知识和随机对照试验的相关出版物，非随机对照研究，并纳入观察性研究。评论,摘要,社论评论，非泌尿外科研究，不完整的文章被排除在外。
结果：在这些文章中，有16项观察性研究.辐射暴露的频率范围从每周少于一次到大于15次。与铅眼镜和手套相比，使用铅围裙和甲状腺护罩的依从性更高。辐射安全教育很少。辐射暴露风险的辐射安全知识尤其低。大多数研究强调需要提高泌尿科受训人员和顾问对辐射安全的认识和培训。
结论：辐射安全教育和实践是泌尿外科的一个重要问题。改进教育和遵守辐射安全实践对于确保泌尿科医师和受训者以安全和负责任的方式使用电离辐射至关重要。
